Effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of La1−xMgxNi3.5 (x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys

The effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the annealed La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys have been studied. All the samples were mainly composed of(LaMg)_2Ni_7,(LaMg)Ni_3, and LaNi_5 phases. Mg substitution for La changed the phase abundance, but did not change the constitution of all phases, which is con fi rmed by the results of backscattered SEM images and EDS analysis. The P–C isotherms indicated that the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reversibly absorbed and desorbed hydrogen smoothly at 298 K. The hydrogen absorption cyclic stabilities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy after 5 hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles reached the maximum values of91.9% and 96.0% at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. The hydrogen desorption capacity and plateau pressure for the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy reached the maximum values of 1.055 H/M and 0.074 MPa, respectively. The desorption capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5reached 0.193 H/M and 0.565 H/M in the fi rst minute at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. Electrochemical property measurement indicated that La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20,0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys possessed excellent activation capability and were completely activated within3 cycles. Discharge capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reached 378.2 m A h/g(x = 0.20 at%), 342.7 m A h/g(x = 0.23 at%), and 369.6 m A h/g(x = 0.25 at%), respectively. Moreover, energy density of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy was much larger than that of La_0.80Mg_0.20Ni_3.5 alloy and nearly approaches the maximum value of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5. Thus, the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy exhibits optimum comprehensive properties of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry.     

[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH_3溶液的比热容和过量焓

测定了离子液体[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5在T=(323.15~1 173.15)K范围内的热重曲线,结果显示[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5在T637.15 K时具有很高的热稳定性。通过DSC测试得到[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5的比热容数据,在T=(251.15~383.15)K范围内可以用一个圆锥曲线很好地拟合。实验测定了[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5(2)+NH3(1)二元体系溶液的摩尔过量焓,其中氨的摩尔分数x1=(0.60~0.95),温度值为T=288.15 K,303.15 K,318.15 K,333.15 K。采用NRTL模型对过量焓数据进行拟合,得出二元可调参数和非随机参数。过量焓数据的测量误差和最大拟合偏差分别小于4.8%和4.3%。在[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5比热容和[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH3过量焓数据的基础上,计算了氨质量分数w1=(0~1)、温度范围T=(273.15~343.15)K条件下[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH3溶液的焓,所得焓浓图对于研究[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH3吸收式制冷系统性能至关重要。     

基于IFCM-GRA的空间多维热误差温度测点优化

热误差是精密、超精密加工中主要的误差源之一,热误差温度测点优化是热误差补偿的关键问题.在机床空间多维布置的大量温度测点之间存在多重相关性,从众多测点中选取特征点的优劣程度,将直接影响到热误差补偿效果.通过对温度测点间多重相关性及温度与热误差关系的综合分析,采用改进的模糊C-均值(IFCM)聚类算法对温度测点进行聚类,以减小类与类之间温度测点的相关性,且避免FCM算法对初始聚类中心敏感易局部收敛的缺点.对温度测点按灰色关联分析(GRA)中的灰色综合关联度进行排序,从变化量和变化率的角度综合反映温度与热误差的关系.采用IFCM-GRA对温度测点进行优化,提高了热误差模型的鲁棒性及准确性,使温度测点数量大幅度减少.在某型号精密卧式加工中心上进行实验,温度测点从17个减少到4个.在不同转速下,利用多元线性回归对优化出的温度测点与热误差建立模型,所建立模型均能很好地预测热误差变化情况,经对预测模型分析,轴向热误差由几十微米减小到5μm以内.     

含语音增强模块的i-向量说话人识别性能分析

为解决文本无关说话人识别中训练与识别环境不同导致模式失配的问题,提出了一种采用语音增强模块进行前端预处理的i-向量说话人识别系统,从而提高系统对于环境噪声的鲁棒性.为评估不同语音增强算法的性能,利用NIST08核心测试集进行仿真实验.采用IMCRA算法对语音进行噪声估计后,分别用维纳滤波法、MMSE-LSA、传统谱减法和多频带谱减法等4种方法进行语音增强前端处理,在基于i-向量的说话人识别系统下进行实验.实验结果表明采用了语音增强的系统具有一定抗噪声性能,并且在高信噪比条件下,基于多频带的谱减法在此系统下性能最佳,而低信噪比情况下MMSE-LSA算法更有优势.     

氧化石墨烯复合磷酸酯交联弹性体的制备及其用于药物缓释的研究

选取亲水性较好的聚乙二醇,通过自身的相转移催化性进行环氧化,制备的环氧化产物与聚四氢呋喃磷酸酯和氧化石墨烯进行混合、交联固化,制备了可降解的磷酸酯交联材料。结果表明制备的交联材料具有良好的力学性能和降解性能,氧化石墨烯的添加影响交联材料的力学性能和降解性能。体外的药物释放测试和细胞毒性研究表明制备的聚合物作为药物释放体系具有较大的应用潜力。     

枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂在禽畜养殖中的作用

枯草芽孢杆菌作为一种绿色健康的微生态制剂,具有调节动物肠道平衡、促进营养吸收、提高免疫能力等功能。微生态制剂是抗生素的理想替代品之一,因其可有效防治动物疾病,并且无毒副作用,无残留污染,不产生抗药性,还能促进动物生长发育而在禽畜养殖中广泛应用。通过综述枯草芽孢杆菌的特性、作用机理以及枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂在禽畜养殖中的效果,分析了目前微生态制剂存在的问题及解决措施,并展望了其未来发展方向,为后续禽畜养殖提供借鉴和参考。     

数字图像连续表示及应用

研究了离散图像的连续表示及重建问题.首先利用弦理论,给出了图像的连续表示形式,然后利用付里叶变换实现了图像连续表示及重建的快速算法,接着将它们应用于图像无级缩放、图像平滑、边缘检测、角点检测,并与传统离散图像处理方法的实验结果进行了比较.实验结果表明:利用图像连续表示方法处理离散图像可以得到不差于传统的离散图像处理方法处理的结果,此方法使离散图像的解析法处理成为可能.     

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.     

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia.     

河北省御道口牧场气候生产潜力估算

御道口牧场位于河北省围场县北部坝上地区,是河北省畜牧业生产的重要产区.根据牧场多年降水和气温等气象观测资料,同时考虑地形因素和最小面积的限制,对御道口牧场的气候生产潜力进行了估算.得出牧场的气候生产潜力在3.75～5 t·hm-2·a-1之间,牧场内适合发展人工草地的平地和缓坡(＜5°)约占总土地面积的76.5%.