全文获取类型
收费全文 | 38932篇 |
免费 | 1972篇 |
国内免费 | 2183篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 3081篇 |
丛书文集 | 999篇 |
教育与普及 | 618篇 |
理论与方法论 | 435篇 |
现状及发展 | 1034篇 |
研究方法 | 73篇 |
综合类 | 36845篇 |
自然研究 | 2篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 115篇 |
2023年 | 377篇 |
2022年 | 695篇 |
2021年 | 750篇 |
2020年 | 635篇 |
2019年 | 394篇 |
2018年 | 1136篇 |
2017年 | 1280篇 |
2016年 | 1079篇 |
2015年 | 1190篇 |
2014年 | 1625篇 |
2013年 | 1768篇 |
2012年 | 2216篇 |
2011年 | 3122篇 |
2010年 | 2867篇 |
2009年 | 2715篇 |
2008年 | 2861篇 |
2007年 | 3060篇 |
2006年 | 1987篇 |
2005年 | 1672篇 |
2004年 | 1419篇 |
2003年 | 1258篇 |
2002年 | 1323篇 |
2001年 | 1290篇 |
2000年 | 1005篇 |
1999年 | 977篇 |
1998年 | 672篇 |
1997年 | 602篇 |
1996年 | 564篇 |
1995年 | 469篇 |
1994年 | 456篇 |
1993年 | 309篇 |
1992年 | 281篇 |
1991年 | 242篇 |
1990年 | 202篇 |
1989年 | 183篇 |
1988年 | 123篇 |
1987年 | 81篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
942.
943.
通过简单分析古典自由主义产生的时代背景,以及他本身的理论表达,以此为前提来分析霍布斯 和洛克的政治思想,并分析他们各自理论中的自由主义因素,进而比较他们政治理论表达的不同以及他们的理 论在自由主义历史发展的影响和它们的历史意义。 相似文献
944.
LIUWei SHUWensheng LANChongyu 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(1):29-32
This paper reports upon the finding of Viola baoshanensis, a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator through field survey and greenhouse experiments. Average Cd concentration in the shoots and roots of V. baoshanensis growing on Baoshan lead/zinc mine in Hunan Province, China, was 1168 and 981 mg/kg, respectively, varying from 456 to 2310mg/kg in the shoots, and from 233 to 1846 mg/kg in the roots.The ratio of Cd concentration in shoot to root (DW) and that in plant shoots to total concentration in surface soil was 1.32 and 2.38, respectively. Under nutrient solution culture, biomass (DW) of V. baoshanensis exposed to 0-30 mg/L Cd insolution increased with Cd supply increasing and reached a maximum at 30 mg/L Cd. Further increase of Cd concentration (40, 50 mg/L) in solution significantly reduced biomass.Cd concentration in the shoots was positively correlated with Cd concentration in the culture medium. Cd concentration in the shoots reached 4825 mg/kg at 50 mg/L Cd solution. Theratio of Cd concentration of shoots to roots in V. baoshanensis was greater than 1 at all Cd treatments, with an average of 1.67 (1.14-2.22). The results indicate that V. baoshanensis is a Cd hyperaccumulator plant. 相似文献
945.
NPP distribution related to the terrains along the North-South Transect of Eastern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LI Yan LIAO Shendong CHI Guobin & LIAO Qifang . Spatial Information Research Center South China Normal University Guangzhou China . Guangdong Key Laboratory of RS GIS Applications Guangzhou China 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(6):617-624
Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is defined as the accumulative amount of organic matters per unit area and time, which is calculated from the difference between accumulative photosynthesis and accumulative autotrophic respiration by green plants. Since the NPP reflects the physiological and ecological characteristics of the plants and the interactive results of the environmental factors, it is an important index to evaluate a structure of ecological system, functional features and … 相似文献
946.
TANGNi ZHANGBingqiang YANGe PUDan GAOXiaolin Tong-ChuanHe HUANGAilong 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(14):1470-1475
Persistent and recurrent infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents one of the most common and severe viral infections of humans, and has caused a formidable health problem in the affected countries. Currently used antiviral drugs have a very limited success on controlling HBV replication and infection. RNA interference (RNAi), a process by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directs sequence-specific degradation of target mRNA in mammalian and plant cells, has recently been used to knockdown gene expression in various species. In this study, we sought to determine whether RNAi-mediated silencing of HBV viral gene expression could lead to the effective inhibition of HBV replication. We first developed RNAi vectors that expressed small interfering RNA (siRNA) and targeted the HBV core or surface gene sequence. Our results demonstrated that these specific siRNAs efficiently reduced the levels of corresponding viral RNAs and proteins, and thus suppressed viral replication. Treatment with siRNA gave the greatest reduction in the levels of HBsAg (92%) and in HBeAg (85%) respectively in the cultured cell medium. Our findings further demonstrated that the RNAi-mediated antiviral effect was sequence-specific and dose-dependent. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that RNAi-mediated silencing of HBV viral genes could effectively inhibit the replication of HBV, hence RNAi-based strategy should be further explored as a more efficacious antiviral therapy of HBV infection. 相似文献
947.
LiYanping ZHANGXin WANGZhimin LUDaru HANGWei JINLi 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(16):1777-1778
Imbalance of redox state has been associated with human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, Huntington‘s disease and Alzheimer‘s disease. Catalase, an important antioxidant enzyme, decomposes H202 into O2 and H2O, therefore limiting the deleterious effect of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous study showed that a C-T polymorphism, located at -844 bp from the translational start site of catalase, is strongly associated with essential hypertension in an isolated Chinese population of Xiangchang country, Anhui Province. To explore the impact of SNP-844C/T on the expression of catalase, human catalase promoters containing either SNP-844C or T variant were subcloned into the pGL3Basic luciferase vector. 相似文献
948.
LIUZhifei TUOShouting ZHAOQuanhong CHENGXinrong HUANGWei 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(20):2190-2197
The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene. 相似文献
949.
Discovery of a Miaohe-type Biota from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
ZHAOYuanlong CHENMeng'e PENGJin YUMeiyi HEMinghua WANGYue YANGRongjun WANGPingli ZHANGZhenhan 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(20):2224-2226
A megascopic algal fossil assemblage was first discovered by Ma Guogan and Chen Meng‘e in the black shales of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Miaohe Town, Zigui County, Hubei Province in 1978. Formal naming of the Miaohe Biota was proposed by Cheng Meng‘e and Xiao Zongzheng in 199112j, and eleven morphological genera have been previously described. including megascopic algae and putative metazoans .Ding et al. greatly expanded the scope of the Miaohe Biota to 9 phyla consisting of 140 genera, including microphytoplanctons, megascopic algae, metazoans, spongesand trace fossils. Xiao et al. further restudied this fossil assemblage, concluding that only about 18 distinct taxa could be recognized and that many Miaohe taxa are poorly defined or svnonvmous. 相似文献
950.
尿激酶原的N-末端135个氨基酸片段包含了表皮生长因子结构域和环柄结构域,参与了尿激酶原和其受体的结合以及尿激酶原诱导的化学趋化活性.利用RT-PCR,从人脐带静脉内皮细胞中克隆ATF基因.将ATF基因插入pET-29a( )中构建表达质粒pET-29a( )/ATF,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达及纯化后,从每升培养液中获得15mg rhATF,其纯度超过95%.活性测定结果表明rhATF能够阻断尿激酶原与尿激酶受体的结合,并能抑制尿激酶对纤溶酶原以及纤溶酶对尿激酶原的激活. 相似文献