塞拉斯的新经典相容论及其启示

日常意义的因果关系不支持决定论,真正的决定论是科学意义的,即依靠相关过程规律可以从先前宇宙状态推导出其之后的状态,据此人的行为是必然的,相悖的行动是不可能的。相比之下,行动自由指人有能力选择和执行自己的行动,从而相悖的行动是可能的。两个观点似乎不相容。塞拉斯延续经典路线,通过重构"决断"概念来重构"因果性"概念,论证作为心理片断的决断可以是自由行动的原因。由此,行动自由的意思是"环境不阻止别的行动",而决定论的结论是"相对于先前宇宙状态,某个行动是物理必然的",两者在话语逻辑中不矛盾。塞拉斯的观点对人工智能的自由意志问题富有启示。     

一种新型河岸缓冲带人工湿地的设计和运行效果分析

郫县是成都市主要的水源地,为解决当地农村散排污水对水源河的污染问题,设计了一种新型河岸缓冲带人工湿地.与常规人工湿地不同,此湿地为依河岸地势而建的非规则形状,设计有单独的溢流孔,主要由处理污水的5级生物塘、缓冲塘与再利用塘构成.通过对河岸缓冲带人工湿地进水口和出水口的常规污染指标监测发现,该湿地对污水中氨氮、TP的去除率,在枯水期分别达到99.7%和96%,在丰水期分别达到84%和98%,处理效果较好;对阴离子表面活性剂的去除率也高达85%以上,处理效果良好.     

垃圾焚烧厂周围环境质量的综合评价模型——以大庆市某垃圾厂为例

采用动态加权综合模型评价方法,建立对垃圾焚烧厂周围环境的动态监测模型。用EXCEL软件对主要污染物进行了数据统计处理,结合大庆市的气象数据、现有数据以及评价环境污染的主要指标,对搜集到的数据进行无量纲处理,通过计算来确定动态权函数,结合SPSS软件求解各级指标对环境的影响程度,即确定各成分的权重,最后得到动态综合评价模型,从而实现对周围环境污染指数的动态监测。     

论我国税制耦合的困境与出路

分税制改革使我国市场经济脱离了旧税制的束缚,也为现有税制结构的平稳调适奠定了良好的制度基础。但是由于受到税收立法技术以及行政因素等诸多方面的影响,现今我国税制改革频遇瓶颈。为此,应调整税收法律体系结构,完善税收立法听证制度,以促进我国税制的耦合。     

捐赠期望落差、现金流权与企业应对策略

企业慈善捐赠金额低于预期（即捐赠期望落差）会降低企业合法性,企业如何应对是一个重要的理论和实践问题。基于中国上市公司2008~2018年的数据,探讨企业如何通过调整后续的企业社会责任行为来降低捐赠期望落差的负面影响。研究表明：捐赠历史和社会期望落差越大,企业越可能增加捐赠以消除负面影响;捐赠历史和社会期望落差对企业其他社会责任行为增加的影响不显著,说明企业不倾向于采用增加其他社会责任行为来降低捐赠期望落差带来的负面影响;不同类型捐赠期望落差对企业行为的影响强度不同：与捐赠历史期望落差相比,捐赠社会期望落差对捐赠增加的影响更强,但两者对于其他社会责任行为增加的影响没有显著差异;实际控制人的现金流权比例越高,对捐赠增加的成本越敏感,捐赠历史和社会期望落差对捐赠增加的影响越弱。上述结论将绩效反馈从财务绩效拓展到社会绩效,不仅丰富了绩效反馈和慈善捐增文献,而且对企业应对捐赠期望落差有重要启示。     

基于空谱信息协同与Gram-Schmidt变换的多源遥感图像融合方法

多光谱和合成孔径雷达图像的融合可以保留每个数据的优势, 有利于提高土地覆盖分类精度。然而, 当前的一些图像融合方法不能完全利用原始数据的光谱信息与纹理细节。为了克服上述问题, 提出一种基于空谱信息协同和Gram-Schmidt变换的融合方法。在所提方法中, Sentinel-2A图像和高分三号(GaoFen-3, GF-3)图像分别经过不同的预处理操作。由于灰度共生矩阵能有效提取图像的纹理信息, 因此将其应用于Sentinel-2A图像以提取结构特征, 并将空谱信息协同的多光谱图像与GF-3图像通过Gram-Schmidt变换进行融合。实验采用主成分分析法和传统的Gram-Schmidt变换作为比较方法。为了确定融合算法的有效性, 采用5项评价指标(包括平均梯度、空间频率、均值、标准差和相关系数)来衡量融合图像的质量。此外, 由于随机森林具有优秀的训练速度和出色的分类性能, 将其用于土地覆盖分类。随机森林的分类精度、Kappa系数和分类结果图作为融合方法的评价标准。实验结果表明, 与单独使用原始Sentinel-2A相比, 所提方法可以将整体精度提高多达5%, 具有提高遥感卫星图像土地覆盖分类精度的潜力。     

Chaos and Nonlinear Feedback Control of the Arch Micro-Electro-Mechanical System

This paper addresses a nonlinear feedback control problem for the chaotic arch microelectro- mechanical system with unknown parameters, immeasurable states and partial state-constraint subjected to the distributed electrostatic actuation. To reflect inherent properties and design controller, the phase diagrams, bifurcation diagram and Poincare section are presented to investigate the nonlinear dynamics. The authors employ a symmetric barrier Lyapunov function to prevent violation of constraint when the arch micro-electro-mechanical system faces some limits. An RBF neural network system integrating with an update law is adopted to estimate unknown function with arbitrarily small error. To eliminate chaotic oscillation, a neuro-adaptive backstepping control scheme fused with an extended state tracking differentiator and an observer is constructed to lower requirements on measured states and precise system model. Besides, introducing an extended state tracking differentiator avoids repeated derivative for the virtual control signal associated with conventional backstepping. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

Human Development in Saudi Education: a Critical Systemic Approach

This paper is drawn from PhD research funded by the Saudi government on the policy and governance of Saudi schools (Algraini 2017. A critical systemic approach to human development in education: a case study of the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia). The aim of this article is to address human development challenges using the Critical Systems Heuristics approach. The results show that the central policy framework limits the opportunity for teachers and learners to contribute to shaping the curriculum and the process for human development. The Saudi Ministry of Education needs to: a) develop policy that takes into account the structure and the processes that shape education outcomes and b) to represent the voices of service users and service providers who have different and overlapping views.     

Co-evolution:A New Perspective for Business Model Innovation

This paper combines the perspective of co-evolution with studies in the area of business model, reveals the phenomenon of business model co-evolution and explores the business model coevolution mechanism between firms through a case study. Findings and what other companies can learn from this study are as follows. Firstly, companies, be it leaders or not, can act as enablers for other party's business model innovation. Secondly, companies can enable each other's business model innovation by taking the perspective of business model co-evolution; Thirdly, the interdependence of the business model co-evolution process can be explained by the four levers named novelty, lock-in,complementarity and efficiency. Companies can select novelty, lock-in, complementarity, efficiency or the combination of the four as mediators to achieve business model co-evolution.     

从系统的视角看我国教育法制建设的复杂性

我国教育法制建设是一项长期、复杂的系统工程。本文从系统的视角,浅析我国教育系统的复杂性;教育法制系统是一个开放的复杂系统,其复杂性与教育系统的复杂性密切相关;从系统的视角认识我国教育法制建设的复杂性是社会发展和现实生活的需要,也是完善我国教育法制建设的需要。