赤道平面J2束缚轨道研究

对近地航天器有显著影响的J2项摄动势函数是轴对称的.而当航天器的轨道倾角为零时,J2项势函数由轴对称退化为球对称.本文从能量的角度来研究近地航天器J2束缚轨道特性.通过引入＂势能井＂的概念,证明了J2项势函数作用下,赤道平面内存在两类束缚轨道：环形束缚轨道与圆形封闭轨道.根据总能量与有效势的关系,分析了形成这两类J2束缚轨道的条件.利用球对称势的周期性理论,借助椭圆积分推导了环形J2轨道径向周期、周向周期和向径的表达式,以及圆形J2轨道的周期和角速度.分析了圆形封闭轨道的稳定性,以及受到小扰动后向径的演化规律.最后探讨了这两类J2束缚轨道潜在的应用.     

基于智能融合的油田注水系统控制策略

为解决油田开发导致地层能量失衡,提出了一种向地层注水的智能融合控制策略。分析了油田地层能量系统的控制论特性,对比研究和提出了基于仿人智能融合的控制策略,构造了地层注水能量平衡的控制模型和控制算法。文中以二阶加时延的过程模型为例,鉴于被控过程大滞后等特点,采用两种控制策略分别作了数字仿真实验,对比系统响应曲线可知,基于智能融合的策略在控制品质方面有明显的优势,控制精度高,稳定性好。系统仿真结果表明,该融合控制策略无须建立数学模型,控制算法鲁棒性强,对油田地层复杂对象控制是一种好的控制策略。     

我国土地财政变化的时空特征及影响因素分析

基于2000—2010年省级数据,对我国土地财政变化特征及影响因素进行了分析.研究表明:我国土地财政规模与土地财政依赖度均呈大幅上升之势;土地财政收入由土地间接税收为主转变为土地经营收入为主;土地财政规模与土地财政依赖度省际差异明显,且呈东、中、西部递减趋势;省级土地财政规模与土地财政依赖度空间分异格局相似度较高,且变化缓慢;地方政府财政压力、经济增长、土地供应结构与土地价格、国家宏观调控政策是影响我国土地财政变化的主要因素.研究结论:通过经济结构调整、经济发展方式转变,减少东部经济发达地区对土地财政的依赖是治理土地财政问题的当务之急;深化财税体制改革,完善地方政府政绩考核体制,减弱地方政府开拓"土地财政"的动力是治理土地财政问题的根本.     

树木元素富集与树种及土壤类型关系的初步研究

用富集系数研究了相同土壤类型上生长的不同树种,不同土壤类型上生长的同一树种,及不同土壤类型上生长的不同树种对１８种元素的富集情况．结果表明,黄棕壤上生长的悬铃木对元素Ｐ的富集系数最大,而马尾松对元素Ｃｄ的富集系数最大;对于生长在不同土壤类型上的马尾松,则由于土壤本身偏酸性而造成黄棕壤和红壤上生长的马尾松对大部分元素有较高的富集系数;从不同土壤类型上生长的不同树种对元素的富集系数来看,元素Ｐ的差异最大,红壤、黄棕壤上生长的马尾松对元素Ｃｄ的富集系数远远大于其它土壤类型上生长的各树种（本文所讨论范围内）,过渡元素及原子序数较大的Ｂａ、Ｐｂ两个元素的富集系数则无明显差异     

聚乙二醇负载苯磺酸催化Biginelli反应合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物的研究

在聚乙二醇负载的苯磺酸催化作用下,由醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯(或乙酰丙酮)、脲(或硫脲)3组份经Biginelli反应"一锅法"合成了系列3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物.该方法反应条件温和、反应时间短、产率高,并且催化剂具有可重复使用的优点.     

RNA interference-mediated inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus replication

Persistent and recurrent infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents one of the most common and severe viral infections of humans, and has caused a formidable health problem in the affected countries. Currently used antiviral drugs have a very limited success on controlling HBV replication and infection. RNA interference (RNAi), a process by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directs sequence-specific degradation of target mRNA in mammalian and plant cells, has recently been used to knockdown gene expression in various species. In this study, we sought to determine whether RNAi-mediated silencing of HBV viral gene expression could lead to the effective inhibition of HBV replication. We first developed RNAi vectors that expressed small interfering RNA (siRNA) and targeted the HBV core or surface gene sequence. Our results demonstrated that these specific siRNAs efficiently reduced the levels of corresponding viral RNAs and proteins, and thus suppressed viral replication. Treatment with siRNA gave the greatest reduction in the levels of HBsAg (92%) and in HBeAg (85%) respectively in the cultured cell medium. Our findings further demonstrated that the RNAi-mediated antiviral effect was sequence-specific and dose-dependent. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that RNAi-mediated silencing of HBV viral genes could effectively inhibit the replication of HBV, hence RNAi-based strategy should be further explored as a more efficacious antiviral therapy of HBV infection.     

烧成温度和锆英石对轻骨料镁尖晶石材料性能和显微结构的影响

以方镁石-尖晶石微孔陶瓷骨料、电熔镁砂、电熔尖晶石、α-Al2O3微粉等为原料,制备含轻骨料镁尖晶石材料,研究了烧成温度和锆英石加入量对试样性能和显微结构的影响.结果表明,随着烧成温度的升高,试样 的致密化程度逐步提高;试样强度先增大后减小, 在1600℃时达到最大值.在1600℃热处理下,随着w(ZrSiO4)的增加,试样的体积密度增大,显气孔率变小,试样力学强度在w(ZrSiO4)为4 %时达到最大值.w(ZrSiO4)为4%的试样整体显微结构致密,固相直接结合程度提高;并且方镁石和尖晶石晶粒的晶粒尺寸粗大,晶粒发育比较完整.     

在役乳化沥青冷再生混合料的疲劳性能

通过应力控制下的劈裂疲劳试验,分析了现场服役多年的乳化沥青冷再生混合料及室内新成型的乳化沥青冷再生混合料劲度模量衰减特征以及2类混合料疲劳破坏阶段的黏弹性特征;结合损伤分析,提出了在役冷再生沥青混合料和新成型冷再生混合料疲劳破坏准则;对比了不同车道的在役冷再生混合料和新成型冷再生混合料的疲劳寿命,结果表明,现场实际轴载作用次数的增加会导致冷再生混合料剩余疲劳寿命的降低,冷再生混合料在使用中存在疲劳性能增长过程.     

糖酵解模型的动力学分析

主要研究了糖酵解模型由产物ADP流出速率常数σ2引起的Hopf分岔,探讨了糖酵解过程中广泛存在的振荡现象产生的原因.首先研究了平衡点的个数,然后利用Lyapunov稳定性定理研究了平衡点的稳定性,最后利用Hopf分岔理论研究了其Hopf分岔.证明了该Hopf分岔是已发现的糖酵解过程中广泛存在的振荡现象(即周期解)产生的原因,即参数σ2在其临界值σ2c处模型会发生超临界Hopf分岔,分岔出稳定的周期解.并利用软件WinPP进行了数值模拟,结果与理论分析相吻合.     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.