A very energetic supernova associated with the gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003

Over the past five years evidence has mounted that long-duration (>2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)-the most luminous of all astronomical explosions-signal the collapse of massive stars in our Universe. This evidence was originally based on the probable association of one unusual GRB with a supernova, but now includes the association of GRBs with regions of massive star formation in distant galaxies, the appearance of supernova-like 'bumps' in the optical afterglow light curves of several bursts and lines of freshly synthesized elements in the spectra of a few X-ray afterglows. These observations support, but do not yet conclusively demonstrate, the idea that long-duration GRBs are associated with the deaths of massive stars, presumably arising from core collapse. Here we report evidence that a very energetic supernova (a hypernova) was temporally and spatially coincident with a GRB at redshift z = 0.1685. The timing of the supernova indicates that it exploded within a few days of the GRB, strongly suggesting that core-collapse events can give rise to GRBs, thereby favouring the 'collapsar' model.     

Localization of cystic fibrosis locus to human chromosome 7cen-q22

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian populations, with an incidence of 1 in 2,000 live births in the United Kingdom, and a carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 20. The biochemical basis of the disease is not known, although membrane transport phenomena associated with CF have been described recently. Consanguinity studies have shown that the inheritance of CF is consistent with it being a recessive defect caused by a mutation at a single autosomal locus. Eiberg et al. have reported a genetic linkage between the CF locus and a polymorphic locus controlling activity of the serum aryl esterase paraoxonase (PON). The chromosomal location of PON, however, is not known. Linkage to a DNA probe, DOCR1-917, was also recently found at a genetic distance of approximately 15 centimorgans (L.-C. Tsui and H. Donnis-Keller, personal communication), but no chromosomal localization was given. Here we report tight linkage between the CF locus and an anonymous DNA probe, pJ3.11, which has been assigned to chromosome 7cen-q22.     

椎管内脊膜瘤34例的MRI诊断分析及临床意义的评价

目的:探讨脊膜瘤的磁共振(MRI)表现特征及临床意义。方法:收集并分析行MRI检查且经手术及病理证实的脊膜瘤34例,观察肿瘤的部位、瘤体信号表现、增强后的信号特征及邻近脊膜改变。结果:位于胸段26例,颈段4例,腰段4例。肿瘤信号不均5例,囊变1例,邻近硬脊膜增厚3例,宽基底征象20例。增强后肿瘤均有强化信号。结论:脊膜瘤好发于女性,多位于胸段硬膜下间隙,大部分呈实体性,囊变出血少见,肿瘤信号不均匀,主要原因是瘤内钙化程度不一。注入钆喷酸葡胺(GD-DTPA)后肿瘤均有其强化特征。脊髓呈慢性受压缩细征象。脊膜瘤可引起相邻脊膜增厚,增强后呈"鼠尾征"。     

Coherent singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon-based double quantum dot

Silicon is more than the dominant material in the conventional microelectronics industry: it also has potential as a host material for emerging quantum information technologies. Standard fabrication techniques already allow the isolation of single electron spins in silicon transistor-like devices. Although this is also possible in other materials, silicon-based systems have the advantage of interacting more weakly with nuclear spins. Reducing such interactions is important for the control of spin quantum bits because nuclear fluctuations limit quantum phase coherence, as seen in recent experiments in GaAs-based quantum dots. Advances in reducing nuclear decoherence effects by means of complex control still result in coherence times much shorter than those seen in experiments on large ensembles of impurity-bound electrons in bulk silicon crystals. Here we report coherent control of electron spins in two coupled quantum dots in an undoped Si/SiGe heterostructure and show that this system has a nuclei-induced dephasing time of 360 nanoseconds, which is an increase by nearly two orders of magnitude over similar measurements in GaAs-based quantum dots. The degree of phase coherence observed, combined with fast, gated electrical initialization, read-out and control, should motivate future development of silicon-based quantum information processors.     

陕西省房地产价格波动特点、原因及对策

采用定理和定性结合的方法,分析陕西省房地产价格波动特点及影响因素.实证结果显示,陕西省新建住宅、新建商品住宅及二手住宅价格均呈平稳中温和上涨的整体运行态势.房地产价格波动的主要影响因素为政府的宏观调控政策、保障房供应、土地供给加大等.根据分析结果提出稳定房地产价格、促进陕西房地产市场健康发展的政策建议.     

Clonal evolution in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by whole-genome sequencing

Most patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) die from progressive disease after relapse, which is associated with clonal evolution at the cytogenetic level. To determine the mutational spectrum associated with relapse, we sequenced the primary tumour and relapse genomes from eight AML patients, and validated hundreds of somatic mutations using deep sequencing; this allowed us to define clonality and clonal evolution patterns precisely at relapse. In addition to discovering novel, recurrently mutated genes (for example, WAC, SMC3, DIS3, DDX41 and DAXX) in AML, we also found two major clonal evolution patterns during AML relapse: (1) the founding clone in the primary tumour gained mutations and evolved into the relapse clone, or (2) a subclone of the founding clone survived initial therapy, gained additional mutations and expanded at relapse. In all cases, chemotherapy failed to eradicate the founding clone. The comparison of relapse-specific versus primary tumour mutations in all eight cases revealed an increase in transversions, probably due to DNA damage caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy. These data demonstrate that AML relapse is associated with the addition of new mutations and clonal evolution, which is shaped, in part, by the chemotherapy that the patients receive to establish and maintain remissions.     

体操运动损伤的特征及预防措施研究

通过对体操运动损伤的调查研究,初步揭示了损伤的一般规律,并提出一些较合理的预防措施,以其能为减少运动损伤的发生,促进教学改革提供有益的参考。