四足步行机器人动力学模型及脚力分配的研究

推导了四足步行机器人的动力学模型,在此基础上利用平方规划方法研究开发四足步行机器人脚力分配的新算法．这种方法既考虑电机模型,分析了四足步行机器人的关节驱动约束条件,又结合摩擦等约束分析及转换,建立了机器人多约束方程,利用平方规划提高解的质量,并缩减解的规模．最后通过实例验证了该算法的优越性。     

高层短肢剪力墙结构变形能力分析优化

短肢剪力墙结构以剪力墙为基础,并吸取框架的优点,已广泛应用于工程实践中.应用ANSYS软件对高层T形短肢剪力墙结构的变形能力进行了仿真试验,分析了楼层层数、连梁跨高比、墙肢截面高厚比和轴压比等因素对变形能力的影响,并对结果进行了分析优化,为工程中的T形短肢剪力墙结构设计提供理论和试验依据.     

Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系准晶的形成规律研究

本文通过快速冷凝方法制得了Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系合金粉末。这种快冷合金粉末在室温下为准晶相和晶态相共存结构,当把粉末加热到773K左右时,晶态相开始消失并且转变为准晶相,加热到1000K晶态相基本上完全转变为准晶相,继续升温准晶相又逐渐减少,晶态相重新产生和增加。本文对Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系快冷合金粉末的加热相变、准晶形成规律、准晶的成分范围进行了详细的研究。     

零售商业企业利用外资初探

零售业是我国利用外资的一个新领域，本文通过对我国零售业投资环境分析，指出利用外资的对策，结合我国零售业发展现状，探讨目前利用外资存在的主要兑现并提出了一些建议。     

The Effect of Cyclic Stretching on Matrix Production, Mineralization and Differentiation of Osteoblasts

A four-point bending apparatus is used to investigate the effects of stretching on collagen synthesis, mineralization and differentiation of osteoblasts. Cells are stretched at 1500με for 24 hours. The responses of osteoblasts to mechanical signal of physiological stretching are evaluatedfrom three aspects: collagen production, extracellular inorganic calcium secretion and ALP activity. The results show that osteoblasts decrease the collagen synthesis, calcium secretion and ALP activity compared to the control cells (65.82 %, 73.51%, 48.10 96 respectively ), confirming that cyclic stretching at 1500με inhabits the ohvsiological activity of osteoblasts.     

Heritable and inducible genetic interference by double-stranded RNA encoded by transgenes

Double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective method for disrupting expression of specific genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and other organisms. Applications of this reverse-genetics tool, however, are somewhat restricted in nematodes because introduced dsRNA is not stably inherited. Another difficulty is that RNAi disruption of late-acting genes has been generally less consistent than that of embryonically expressed genes, perhaps because the concentration of dsRNA becomes lower as cellular division proceeds or as developmental time advances. In particular, some neuronally expressed genes appear refractory to dsRNA-mediated interference. We sought to extend the applicability of RNAi by in vivo expression of heritable inverted-repeat (IR) genes. We assayed the efficacy of in vivo-driven RNAi in three situations for which heritable, inducible RNAi would be advantageous: (i) production of large numbers of animals deficient for gene activities required for viability or reproduction; (ii) generation of large populations of phenocopy mutants for biochemical analysis; and (iii) effective gene inactivation in the nervous system. We report that heritable IR genes confer potent and specific gene inactivation for each of these applications. We suggest that a similar strategy might be used to test for dsRNA interference effects in higher organisms in which it is feasible to construct transgenic animals, but impossible to directly or transiently introduce high concentrations of dsRNA.     

Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein beta-secretase from human brain

Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide, which is thought to be causal for the pathology and subsequent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage by beta-secretase at the amino terminus of the Abeta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated carboxy-terminal fragment. Cleavage of the C-terminal fragment by gamma-secretase(s) leads to the formation of Abeta. The pathogenic mutation K670M671-->N670L671 at the beta-secretase cleavage site in APP, which was discovered in a Swedish family with familial Alzheimer's disease, leads to increased beta-secretase cleavage of the mutant substrate. Here we describe a membrane-bound enzyme activity that cleaves full-length APP at the beta-secretase cleavage site, and find it to be the predominant beta-cleavage activity in human brain. We have purified this enzyme activity to homogeneity from human brain using a new substrate analogue inhibitor of the enzyme activity, and show that the purified enzyme has all the properties predicted for beta-secretase. Cloning and expression of the enzyme reveals that human brain beta-secretase is a new membrane-bound aspartic proteinase.     

对刘益正负开方术的新研究

刘益在中国古代数学史上最先引入系数可为负数的方程,并突破了方程首项系数必须为１的限制,以往人们认为有了增乘开方程,只要知识正负数的四则运算便可十分容易地推广到高次方程的数值解。     

改革开放初期中国学会的兴起

改革开放初期(1978-1989)学会出现了创建高潮。科技经济体制的改变、新科技革命的到来、科技人员政治思想的解放、中国国际交往的需要等要素推动了学会的创兴,而科技共同体中科技精英的自主性要求,以及当时学会办事机构作为行政或事业编制的体制都在不同程度上助推了全国学会的成立与发展。全国学会的创兴及其动机反映了中国当代科技发展与政治、经济、教育、文化之间的互动关系。     

关于大型科研仪器共享问题的一个产权理论解释

大型科研仪器的共享问题是我国科技资源配置和管理工作中面临的重要问题,现有研究和对策主要集中于促进共享理念的传播、加强共享效率的考核以及仪器中心等共享机制的建设方面,但对于为什么存在共享障碍等基本问题缺少关注。本文以经济学中的产权理论为基础,从大型科研仪器所有权与控制权分离的现实出发,探讨了当前我国仪器共享中存在的利益冲突和机制障碍。在此基础上,借鉴发达国家的一些做法,提出从仪器资助体制出发解决仪器共享问题的新思路。