Review on aggregation of acid extractants in solvent extraction of metal ions: remark on the general model

The aggregation behavior of various acid extractants in the solvent extraction systems of metal ions is re-examined and explained according to knowledge obtained in recent work. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Complexes formed by the extractants and metal ions can form reversed micelles in organic diluents, depending on the microstructures of the complexes. The dimers of the acid extractant cannot percolate to the metal-extractant aggregates, and the acid-salt complexes are always formed in the aggregates. The reversed micelles or the W/O microemulsions formed by different species cannot be associated with each other to form a unified aggregate. (2) In solvent extraction systems, hydration of the extractants and metal ions can be considered as the driving force of forming reversed micelles. (3) Information of the first approach to the insight of the bicontinuous microemulsion of NaDEHP shows that various components in the aqueous phase behave confined and very similar to the typical AOT/n-heptane W/O microemulsions. (4) In the extraction of lanthanide ions by the W/O microemulsion of sodium naphthenate, the saponification is a process of forming reversed micelle or W/O microemulsion, while the extraction step is a process of destroying reversed micelles or W/O microemulsion droplets.     

Therapeutical effect of Shengmaisan is determined by the interaction among the three herbs

Shengmaisan is a recipe of traditional Chinese medicine, which is composed of three herbs. The interaction among the components from the three herbs of Shengmaisan is investigated using FT-IR, Matrix Assistant Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and TEM observation. Interactions among various components from different herbs cause enhancement of the solubility of some component and suppression of the solubility of others. Results from MALDI-TOF MS show that some components found in the decoction from a single herb disappear when different herbs are decocted together. On the other hand, new substances are produced when two and/or three herbs of Shengmaisan are decocted together. TEM showed that vacuoles formed in the decoction from two and/or three herbs of Shengmaisan but did not occur in any decoction from a single herb. This result provides us direct evidence that the solubilized structure is formed by the interaction among the components from different herbs. This knowledge helps us to understand the therapeutical effects of traditional Chinese medicine.     

快速测定煤发热量的数学模型及其应用

用回归分析的方法，对影响煤发热量的诸因素进行了探讨，建立起回归法的数学模型，继而提出了用回归法测定煤发热量的新方法。     

地球上远程抛射体的运动轨迹及计算机模拟

本导出了远程抛射体的运动轨迹，建立了一种计算机模拟实验的方法并画出了轨道图像．为理论研究提供了一种实验方法．     

高校个性化体育教育与学生创新能力的培养

个性化教育是指尊重学生个体的差异性、独特性、自主习惯性和创造性，对学生的志趣、才能、资质特长和爱好加以引导，促使其和谐、完美发展的教育．体育教育个性化是2l世纪高校教育发展的要求，是体育教育本身发展与改革的要求，也是当前创新教育的要求．本提出高校个性化体育教育的概念并探索了学生创新能力培养的实施途径．     

功能型丙烯酸乳液的合成及其性能

以一种阴离子表面活性剂与辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚为复合乳化剂，在基体配方中加入多种功能单体，采用半连续滴加方法制备了室温自交联型丙烯酸乳液，讨论了功能单体丙烯酸含量、单体滴加时间对丙烯酸乳液的流变性能、乳胶膜的交联度及耐水性的影响。结果表明：随着丙烯酸含量增加，其乳液粘度上升，乳胶膜交联度增加、吸水率先下降后上升；增加单体滴加时间，可使乳胶粒平均粒径变小，分布变窄，相应生成的乳液粘度变小，同时其乳胶膜交联度上升，吸水率下降。     

Emergent Property in Macromolecular Motion

In this paper, the model of inverse cascade fractal super-blocks along one direction (in the positive or negative) in the 3-dimensional space is developed to describe the self-similar motion in macromolecular system. Microscopically the cohesive and dispersed states of the motion blocks are co- existent states with vastly different probability of occurrence. Experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the microscopic cohesive state energy and dispersed state energy of each motion block are respectively equal to the macroscopic glassy state energy kTg and molten state energy kTm of the system. This singularity unveils topologically the non-integrability, mathematically the anholonomy, and macroscopically the emergent property. This singularity also reveals that the glass, viscoelastic and melt states are three distinct emergent properties of macromolecular motion from a macroscopic viewpoint. The fractal concept of excluded volume is introduced to depict the random motion at various scales in     

高校学科导航资源的知识组织模式及优化

就目前国内外学科资源导航建设现状 ,CALIS学科导航项目建设进展 ,导航库知识组织模式 ,Web站点信息资源的维护方案 ,信息技术对组织模式的影响 ,网络信息资源评价体系的建设方法、指标 ,建立信息质量控制机制和体系 ,信息的优化方案等问题做了探讨 ,分析了网络信息组织的发展趋势 .由此为用户提供具有较高可信度的网络信息资源的有效服务     

感应测井信号处理及应用研究

综合论述了感应测井信号处理方面的成果 .重点涉及感应测井信号处理理论、信号处理中几何因子选择、滤波器最优化设计、实际非线性测量信号处理的实现 .总结了常用几何因子的应用局限性 ;提出了利用相关技术、软约束技术等方法解决最优化滤波器设计中的问题 ;采用真分辨率合成与分辨率匹配技术相结合的信号处理思想 ,极大地减小了井眼附近的影响 ;实现了非线性信号自适应处理算法 .研究成果分别在双感应测井、高分辨率感应测井、阵列感应成像测井和高分辨率阵列感应测井中得到了应用     

微乳液法合成纳米二氧化硅粒子

制备 Triton X- 1 0 0 /正辛醇 /环己烷 /水 (或氨水 )微乳液 ,研究了该微乳液系统稳定相行为与制备条件的关系 .在该微乳液系统稳定的条件下 ,由正硅酸乙酯受控水解反应制备 Si O2 纳米粒子 ,反应后处理简便 ,制得粒子尺度较均一的球形疏松无定型纳米 Si O2 粒子 .Si O2 粒子粒径尺寸可通过调节水与表面活度剂分子数之比 m、水与正硅酸乙酯分子数之比 n控制 .探讨了影响 Si O2 纳米粒子形貌、粒径分布的因素及制备优化条件