Cadmium is a mutagen that acts by inhibiting mismatch repair

Most errors that arise during DNA replication can be corrected by DNA polymerase proofreading or by post-replication mismatch repair (MMR). Inactivation of both mutation-avoidance systems results in extremely high mutability that can lead to error catastrophe. High mutability and the likelihood of cancer can be caused by mutations and epigenetic changes that reduce MMR. Hypermutability can also be caused by external factors that directly inhibit MMR. Identifying such factors has important implications for understanding the role of the environment in genome stability. We found that chronic exposure of yeast to environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium, a known human carcinogen, can result in extreme hypermutability. The mutation specificity along with responses in proofreading-deficient and MMR-deficient mutants indicate that cadmium reduces the capacity for MMR of small misalignments and base-base mismatches. In extracts of human cells, cadmium inhibited at least one step leading to mismatch removal. Together, our data show that a high level of genetic instability can result from environmental impediment of a mutation-avoidance system.     

网络信息资源整合与高校图书馆重点学科虚拟资源的建设研究

阐述了目前图书馆对网络信息资源采取的3种主要整合方式，从加强数据库的建设、建立重点学科导航库、提供个性化的信息服务等方面探讨了高校图书馆加强重点学科虚拟资源建设应采取的对策。     

一种用于ADC电路的高速高精度比较器设计

在分析各种比较器设计失调消除技术基础上,提出了一种用于ADC电路的高速高精度比较器设计技术和失调消除技术.该比较器由主动复位和被动箝位的预放大器和输出锁存器构成,具有失调自动校准功能.仿真结果表明,在Chartered 0.35 μm COMS工艺下,电源电压3.3 V,调整后的比较器失调误差为56.8 μV,比较器的精度0.1mV,比较速率100 MHz.     

强度和载荷为任意分布时的零件静强度可靠性设计的近似算法探讨

本文以应力一强度干涉理论为依据，在强度和载荷为任意分布条件下，详细介绍了一种实用的零件强度可靠性设计的近似计算法，并应用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编程，在ＩＢＭ－ｐＣ／ＡＴ微机上进行了算例计算，证明是确实可行的。     

二维灰度直方图上的距离判别分割方法

在图像的二维灰度直方图上,通过距离判别的方法得出在其上进行聚类划分的依据,即一条二次曲线．用此曲线进行分割的优点在于能考虑到二维灰度直方图上的所有像素点．理论分析和实验结果都表明,此方法较二维灰度直方图上的其它阈值分割方法优越．     

一种灰度图象的自适应分割算法

利用遗传算法的高效搜索性能和模糊集合理论能较好地描述问题的模糊性和随机性，提出了基于遗传算法的最大模糊熵快速分割算法，将遗传算法和模糊集合理论结合起来应用于灰度图象单闽值和多阈值分割．实验结果证明该方法有效地实现了快速分割，并具有较好的鲁棒性．     

The parameter determination in the design of 3-D spherically symmetric FIR filters via the McClellan transformation

In the design of 3-D spherically symmetric FIR filters via the McClellan transformation, two methods are proposed to determine the transformation parameters. The first is to improve the original 3-D algorithm by exploiting the 2-D effective methods in 3-D. This method can change the constrained optimization algorithm into the unconstrained one and makes the design easier to realize. The second method is to solve the coupled equations under constrained conditions and a set of ideal parameters can be gotten. The design example shows that the two methods are all efficient and easier than the original algorithm. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Jin Xiaoying: born in 1975, Graduate student     

过热器机理模型的遗传算法参数优化方法研究

针对过热器模型各参数存在的强耦合性,提出了基于遗传算法的机理模型参数优化方法。建立过热器数学模型,确定优化参数,应用遗传算法进行优化,直到模型精度达到要求。仿真研究表明,运用该方法建立的过热器模型达到预定精度要求;优化过程自动进行,缩短了建模和优化时间。这种方法具有通用性,简单易行,为火电厂仿真机数学建模和参数优化提供一种新的思路和方法。