一种基于加权聚类分析的岩体可爆性分级方法

在对岩体可爆性影响因素进行综合归纳分析的基础上,对14种岩石静载和动载特性参数、岩石容重以及岩体完整性系数测试与计算的结果进行了线性相关性统计分析. 结果发现,岩石静载抗拉强度、容重和岩体整体性系数三个指标线性相关性较低或基本不相关,可以同时采用且仅采用这三个指标对岩体的可爆性进行可靠描述. 基于此结果,同时考虑到岩石爆破破坏的动载特性,对本钢矿业公司某矿山的14种岩石容重、静载抗拉强度、岩体整体性系数、动载冲击强度进行了加权聚类分析,提出了该矿山岩体可爆性分级的方法.     

块状纳米材料的设计理论研究

在二元共晶Spinodal系统中 ,Spinodal波长的大小随过冷度的增加而减少 ,并存在一个最小的波长 ,此时合金的生长速度最快 .提出当过冷度足够大时 ,液态Spinodal的波长进入到纳米尺度 ,形成块状纳米材料 .由于液态的扩散较易发生 ,当波长为纳米量级时 ,Spinodal的转变时间为微秒量级 .由于液体表面张力等的影响 ,液态Spinodal的组织由网状变成微粒形态 .     

非晶态合金(Fe_(100-x)M_x)_(83)B_(17)和Zr_(100-x)M_x的杨氏模量

用超声波脉冲透射技术获得了三元非晶态合金(Fe_(100-x)M_x)_(83)B_(17)和二元非晶态合金Zr_(100-x)M_x的声速,并确定了它们的杨氏模量。对于前者合金元素M指Cr,Mo,W,Zr和Co;对于后者指Fe,Ni和Co。文中讨论了声速与组分的原子百分数含量x之间的关系,并讨论了近程有序,合金元素密度以及不同尺寸原子之间的随机堆砌引起的致密化等对声速的影响。     

一种双四唑亚胺基钴和铜异核配合物的合成、结构和性质

合成了一种钴和铜异金属配合物[Cu（pn）2Co2 （BTA）4 （pn）2]·4H2O,X-射线单晶衍射表明了该化合物是三核结构,属于单斜晶系,P21/n空间群,其晶胞参数如下：a=8.657 1（2）,b=13.666 7（3）,c=18.516 7（3）A,β=100.783 0（10）°,Mr=1 154.47,V=2 152.10（8）（A）3,Z=2,Dc=1.782 g·cm-3,μ=1.343 mm-1,F（000）=1 190.0,R=0.044 4,wR =0.107 9（Ⅰ＞2σ（Ⅰ））.在该化合物中,π-π作用和O-H…N,N-H…N和O-H...O氢键连接配合物单元和结晶水形成了三维超分子结构.并报道了该化合物溶液的荧光性质.     

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Magnaporthe grisea is the most destructive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal disease of plants. Here, we report the draft sequence of the M. grisea genome. Analysis of the gene set provides an insight into the adaptations required by a fungus to cause disease. The genome encodes a large and diverse set of secreted proteins, including those defined by unusual carbohydrate-binding domains. This fungus also possesses an expanded family of G-protein-coupled receptors, several new virulence-associated genes and large suites of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Consistent with a role in fungal pathogenesis, the expression of several of these genes is upregulated during the early stages of infection-related development. The M. grisea genome has been subject to invasion and proliferation of active transposable elements, reflecting the clonal nature of this fungus imposed by widespread rice cultivation.     

RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates

The opportunity to harness the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to silence disease-causing genes holds great promise for the development of therapeutics directed against targets that are otherwise not addressable with current medicines. Although there are numerous examples of in vivo silencing of target genes after local delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), there remain only a few reports of RNAi-mediated silencing in response to systemic delivery of siRNA, and there are no reports of systemic efficacy in non-rodent species. Here we show that siRNAs, when delivered systemically in a liposomal formulation, can silence the disease target apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in non-human primates. APOB-specific siRNAs were encapsulated in stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALP) and administered by intravenous injection to cynomolgus monkeys at doses of 1 or 2.5 mg kg(-1). A single siRNA injection resulted in dose-dependent silencing of APOB messenger RNA expression in the liver 48 h after administration, with maximal silencing of >90%. This silencing effect occurred as a result of APOB mRNA cleavage at precisely the site predicted for the RNAi mechanism. Significant reductions in ApoB protein, serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were observed as early as 24 h after treatment and lasted for 11 days at the highest siRNA dose, thus demonstrating an immediate, potent and lasting biological effect of siRNA treatment. Our findings show clinically relevant RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates, supporting RNAi therapeutics as a potential new class of drugs.     

Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas

Although cancer arises from a combination of mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, the extent to which tumour suppressor gene loss is required for maintaining established tumours is poorly understood. p53 is an important tumour suppressor that acts to restrict proliferation in response to DNA damage or deregulation of mitogenic oncogenes, by leading to the induction of various cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis or cellular senescence. Consequently, p53 mutations increase cell proliferation and survival, and in some settings promote genomic instability and resistance to certain chemotherapies. To determine the consequences of reactivating the p53 pathway in tumours, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to conditionally regulate endogenous p53 expression in a mosaic mouse model of liver carcinoma. We show that even brief reactivation of endogenous p53 in p53-deficient tumours can produce complete tumour regressions. The primary response to p53 was not apoptosis, but instead involved the induction of a cellular senescence program that was associated with differentiation and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. This program, although producing only cell cycle arrest in vitro, also triggered an innate immune response that targeted the tumour cells in vivo, thereby contributing to tumour clearance. Our study indicates that p53 loss can be required for the maintenance of aggressive carcinomas, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program can act together with the innate immune system to potently limit tumour growth.     

雷公藤红素对人肺癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

雷公藤红素是从传统中药雷公藤中提取分离得到的一种醌甲基三萜,具有抗炎、免疫抑制及抗肿瘤等药理活性.本实验研究雷公藤红素对肺癌细胞的增殖和凋亡的影响.用MTT法测定不同浓度雷公藤红素对肺癌细胞增殖的影响;用流式细胞仪检测肺癌细胞的凋亡率;用DAPI染色测定雷公藤红素对肺癌细胞的细胞核的影响.实验显示,雷公藤红素以时间和剂量依赖性的方式抑制肺癌细胞的增殖,并且晚期凋亡细胞和死亡细胞增多,细胞核逐渐破裂.实验结果表明,雷公藤红素具有抗肺癌的作用.     

激光旋切法加工高质量微小孔工艺与理论研究

针对激光微小孔加工中微小孔几何形貌和孔壁重铸层这2个影响微小孔加工质量的关键因素,利用大功率Nd:YAG毫秒脉冲激光器,分别在304不锈钢和DZ445定向结晶镍基合金上进行孔加工实验,主要研究了激光旋切法加工微小孔的工艺特点,对旋切法所涉及的3个关键参数(旋切路径、旋切速度、旋切圈数)对孔质量的影响规律进行了深入探讨。结果显示:边缘起点的旋切路径易导致孔缘出现缺口,而圆心起点的旋切路径可以避免这种现象;旋切速度和旋切圈数对孔壁重铸层厚度影响显著,重铸层厚度随着旋切速度的降低和旋切圈数的增加而减小,其机理在于,孔壁重铸层在旋切过程中会因激光的重复照射再次发生熔化,并在气化压力与辅助气压等驱动力的共同作用下克服黏滞力发生质量迁移,进而从孔出口排出,在其他工艺条件不变的情况下,重铸层的厚度与质量迁移的持续时间成反比。