我国科幻文艺对科学文化传播的作用与影响调查分析

科幻文艺作为科学与艺术杂交而成的一种文艺形式,是科学文化传播中的重要载体。本文通过问卷调查,以第一手的可信翔实的数据,对我国科幻文艺传播科学文化的现状进行了全面分析,剖析了科幻文艺这一特殊载体在传播科学文化中的优势与障碍,并在此基础上提出了科幻文艺对科学文化传播效果的提升对策。     

人身上真的有“死穴”吗?

死穴,点中它或会使人晕厥,或置人于死地.这不仅仅存在于武侠小说中.其实,在人的脖子上就有这么一个地方,是人体的一个禁区.对于体质敏感的人群,不能热吻这里,更不能用力按压这里.新婚热吻新娘呼吸骤停听到死穴一词,很多人觉得那只是小说中的事,但在现实中,它是存在的.2012年5月份,湖南一对新婚夫妇,在送走闹洞房的客人后,新郎追不及待地抱起新娘狂吻其颈部.岂料,没过多久,新娘就面色苍白、四肢冰冷地瘫倒在新郎怀里,心跳和呼吸骤停……     

基于BMP图像边缘跟踪的飞秒激光微加工技术研究

针对复杂结构和图案的飞秒激光微加工, 提出了一种基于BMP图像边缘跟踪的飞秒激光微加工方法. 介绍了采用该方法实现复杂图形飞秒激光微加工的总体思路, 讨论了加工路径的提取、优化、跟踪和加工过程的反馈, 以及在此基础上开发的飞秒激光微加工数控程序等. 并利用此技术成功制备出二维微纳图案. 研究结果表明, 利用该技术可实现微米至亚微米级特征尺寸复杂图案和微纳结构的飞秒激光数控加工.     

碳纤维增强复合材料汽车保险杠的轻量化设计

针对某款纯电动汽车保险杠轻量化设计的要求与可制造性,设计了一种整体式碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料保险杠,并采用拉丁超立方采样、Kriging近似建模技术与遗传算法进行优化求解.结果表明,优化后的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料保险杠能够满足耐撞性要求,并达到减重36.4%的轻量化效果.     

Global variation in copy number in the human genome

Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA sequences is functionally significant but has yet to be fully ascertained. We have constructed a first-generation CNV map of the human genome through the study of 270 individuals from four populations with ancestry in Europe, Africa or Asia (the HapMap collection). DNA from these individuals was screened for CNV using two complementary technologies: single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays, and clone-based comparative genomic hybridization. A total of 1,447 copy number variable regions (CNVRs), which can encompass overlapping or adjacent gains or losses, covering 360 megabases (12% of the genome) were identified in these populations. These CNVRs contained hundreds of genes, disease loci, functional elements and segmental duplications. Notably, the CNVRs encompassed more nucleotide content per genome than SNPs, underscoring the importance of CNV in genetic diversity and evolution. The data obtained delineate linkage disequilibrium patterns for many CNVs, and reveal marked variation in copy number among populations. We also demonstrate the utility of this resource for genetic disease studies.     

Critical role for the p110alpha phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase in growth and metabolic regulation

The eight catalytic subunits of the mammalian phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) family form the backbone of an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway; however, the roles of most PI(3)K isoforms in organismal physiology and disease are unknown. To delineate the role of p110alpha, a ubiquitously expressed PI(3)K involved in tyrosine kinase and Ras signalling, here we generated mice carrying a knockin mutation (D933A) that abrogates p110alpha kinase activity. Homozygosity for this kinase-dead p110alpha led to embryonic lethality. Mice heterozygous for this mutation were viable and fertile, but displayed severely blunted signalling via insulin-receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, key mediators of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin action. Defective responsiveness to these hormones led to reduced somatic growth, hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance, hyperphagia and increased adiposity in mice heterozygous for the D933A mutation. This signalling function of p110alpha derives from its highly selective recruitment and activation to IRS signalling complexes compared to p110beta, the other broadly expressed PI(3)K isoform, which did not contribute to IRS-associated PI(3)K activity. p110alpha was the principal IRS-associated PI(3)K in cancer cell lines. These findings demonstrate a critical role for p110alpha in growth factor and metabolic signalling and also suggest an explanation for selective mutation or overexpression of p110alpha in a variety of cancers.     

Biomaterials: silk-like secretion from tarantula feet

An unsuspected attachment mechanism may help these huge spiders to avoid catastrophic falls. Spiders spin silk from specialized structures known as abdominal spinnerets--a defining feature of the creatures--and this is deployed to capture prey, protect themselves, reproduce and disperse. Here we show that zebra tarantulas (Aphonopelma seemanni) from Costa Rica also secrete silk from their feet to provide adhesion during locomotion, enabling these spiders to cling to smooth vertical surfaces. Our discovery that silk is produced by the feet provides a new perspective on the origin and diversification of spider silk.     

吸附制冷系统中吸附床的传热传质分析及结构设计

对化学吸附制冷系统中吸附剂颗粒之间以及整个吸附床的传热传质特性进行了分析,并总结了目前国内外强化吸附床传热传质性能的主要措施和方法．分析比较了两种用于化学吸附制冷的典型吸附床结构,在此基础上设计了一种新型的吸附床．     

径流叶轮静态和固有频率的三维有限元分析

讨论一种用三维实体单元模型分析径流叶轮静态和固有频率的方法．采用MSC公司的Ratran软件进行前后处理,Nastran软件进行分析计算,得到较为精确的分析结果．结果表明,分析模型可以精确直观地反映叶轮的静态和固有频率状况,为工程中实际叶轮的固有频率和强度分析提供参考。