Der Einfluß der Temperatur des Auges auf die spektrale Empfindlichkeitskurve

Summary The influence of the temperature of the eye on the spectral distribution of its sensitivity was studied. The leading idea was that the small long-wave light quanta could only decompose a molecule of the photochemical substances if this molecule had already a sufficient thermal energy. One must therefore expect the sensitivity for long wavelengths to be higher at high temperatures; moreover this influence of temperature is most pronounced for the longest wavelengths. In the measurements the sensitivity for the wavelengths of 660 mµ and 730 mµ were comparedwith each other. In the accompanying figure the slit width of the apparatus at 660 mµ is shown as a function of temperature. The experimental points are close to the lines which were predicted by the theory.     

Cloned suppressor T cells from a lepromatous leprosy patient suppress Mycobacterium leprae reactive helper T cells

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. A characteristic feature of the disease is its remarkable spectrum of clinical symptoms correlating with the cellular immune responsiveness of the patient. At one pole of this spectrum are tuberculoid patients displaying both acquired cell-mediated immunity and delayed type hypersensitivity against the bacillus. At the other pole are lepromatous patients which show a specific T-cell unresponsiveness against M. leprae. In between those two poles variable degrees of tuberculoid and lepromatous features may be seen in borderline leprosy patients. Thus far, studies on the mechanism of the antigen specific unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy have been contradictory and difficult to interpret, probably because of the use of heterogeneous cell populations in those experiments. We have now succeeded in cloning M. leprae stimulated T-helper (TH) as well as T-suppressor (TS) cells from a borderline lepromatous patient. The TS-clones of this patient specifically suppress responses of peripheral TH cells as well as TH clones induced by both M. leprae and other mycobacteria, but not unrelated antigen or mitogen. These TS cells also completely suppress TH cell responses against a M. leprae specific protein with a relative molecular mass of 36,000 (36K), suggesting the presence of a suppression inducing determinant on this 36K M. leprae protein.     

Deficits in social behavior in autism and their modification by a synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4-9) analog.

When charting the structure of the social behavior of autistic children by means of an ethologically analyzed playroom session, deficits appeared in the reciprocity of eye-contact and in the location of verbal initiatives. These deficits in social behavior were beneficially influenced by treatment with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4-9) analog ORG 2766.     

Elevation of serum xanthine oxidase following halothane anesthesia in the rat.

Halothan anesthesia was found to be hapatotoxic in the rat, as demonstrated by a significant elevation of serum xanthine oxidase (SXO) level. SXO appeared to be more sensitive marker of liver damage than serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase. SXO was found to be elevated also following exposure to relative hypoxia.     

Elevation of serum xanthine oxidase activity following halothane anesthesia in man

Summary Halothane, but not methoxyflurane, was found to cause specific hepatocellular damage, the hepatotoxicity being prompt but transient. The hepatotoxicity was demonstrated by the elevation in the serum activity of xanthine oxidase, a highly sensitive marker for acute liver damage.     

Fluorescein staining of guinea-pig lymphocytes induced byEchis colorata venom

Résumé Les lymphocytes de cobayes inoculés avec du venin de serpentEchis colorata, additionné de fluorescéinc, acquièrent une forte fluorescence. Le même effet du venin est observé avec des lymphocytes traités in vitro. Les fractions protéolytiques du venin sont responsables de ce phénomène, alors que la phospholipasc est sans effet.     

A fast low-power optical memory based on coupled micro-ring lasers

The increasing speed of fibre-optic-based telecommunications has focused attention on high-speed optical processing of digital information. Complex optical processing requires a high-density, high-speed, low-power optical memory that can be integrated with planar semiconductor technology for buffering of decisions and telecommunication data. Recently, ring lasers with extremely small size and low operating power have been made, and we demonstrate here a memory element constructed by interconnecting these microscopic lasers. Our device occupies an area of 18 x 40 microm2 on an InP/InGaAsP photonic integrated circuit, and switches within 20 ps with 5.5 fJ optical switching energy. Simulations show that the element has the potential for much smaller dimensions and switching times. Large numbers of such memory elements can be densely integrated and interconnected on a photonic integrated circuit: fast digital optical information processing systems employing large-scale integration should now be viable.