模拟结果为什么比实际更暖:简化气候模型结果（英文）

设计了一个非专业人士能够使用、最简化的气候敏感模型,用来研究人类活动所导致的全球变暖的幅度问题.在1990年的第一次IPCC评估报告中,IPCC对其报告中预测的未来全球变暖幅度很有信心,但是随后的观测结果显示全球的变暖幅度只有预测的一半.而自2001年起,全球变暖出现停滞,但是仅仅考虑到二氧化碳浓度的增加,很少有模型能够模拟出这一变化.在已出版的IPCC第五次评估报告的草稿中,IPCC大幅度削减了近期变暖的幅度,并以专家评估代替了模型预测.但是报告中关于未来气候长期变化的预测仍被保留.如果把IPCC模型的总反馈从1.9 W m–2 K–1调整到1.5 W m–2 K–1,气候敏感模型中模拟的温度将从3.2 K降至2.2 K.同时由于反馈很可能是净负反馈,更合适的估计应该是1.0 K.1.0 K是一个能够实现的增幅,21世纪的实际变暖将会小于1 K.即使燃烧所有可开采的化石燃料也不会使全球变暖的幅度超过2.2 K,这一增加幅度也将趋于平稳.本文认为解决IPCC第四、五次报告中评估方法的差异非常关键.一旦这些差异得到解决,人类活动导致的全球变暖在22世纪以及几个世纪以后的平稳态将有可能不会超过IPCC当前模型预测的1/3~1/2.     

Non-Uniform APSK Optimization for BICM Systems

Traditional Amplitude Phase Shift Keying(APSK) consists of rings with points uniformly spaced. By giving up this uniform-spacing feature, we propose an APSK optimization method based on the uniform APSK with Gray labeling(Gray-APSK). The aim of the optimization is to maximize the Generalized Mutual Information(GMI)of Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation(BICM) for the targeted code rate and channel. We show that our optimized non-uniform APSK could offer further performance gain compared with the conventional uniform Gray-APSK and considerably outperforms the traditional quadrature amplitude modulation at the targeted SNR and channel.     

智能流域管理的关键问题与模型技术

在总结流域问题现状及流域管理决策需求的基础上,基于仿生学原理,类比人的思维特征和决策过程,提出了包括流域信息获取、输入-输出因果关联模拟以及优化决策等步骤在内的智能流域管理模式,并对比分析了智能流域管理和传统流域管理的差异性。提出了智能流域管理的4个关键问题：管理目标的确定、基于智能因子关联与流动的模型开发与信息获取、...     

瞬态UCM粘弹性流体的最小二乘有限元算法

【目的】建立求解瞬态UCM粘弹性流体的最小二乘有限元算法。【方法】利用具有一阶精度的差分格式对模型中的时间导数进行离散，得到了线性的半离散近似模型，采用最小二乘有限元方法对该近似模型进行求解。【结果】证明了最小二乘有限元解的存在唯一性，分析了最小二乘有限元解的先验误差估计，指出该估计依赖于时间步长Δt和空间步长h。通过一个三维空间的流动问题，验证了算法的有效性和收敛性。指出在实际计算中，相对于空间步长h，时间步长Δt对计算结果的影响较大。【结论】本文算法在数值精度方面，优于基于SUPG的混合有限元方法。     

浅谈说课的一些感受

说课是对教师的一个较高的要求,怎样上好一门课程,怎样清楚和完整地把说课的依据、内容和重点表述出来,是一个值得研究的问题。本文就说课方面的一些体会和收获进行了一些说明。     

Structure Characterization of Silk Fibroin Crystalline Domain Polypeptides Expressed in Escherichia coli

The molecular conformations of four silk fibroin crystalline analogues [GAGAG-X] 16(G,Gly;A,Ala;X=Ala,Ser,Tyr or Val,designated eGA,eGS,eGY or eGV),carried out using molecular design and expressed by Escherichia coil(E.coli),were evaluated by Raman spectra analysis.The abilities of forming β-sheet structure were determined by thioflavin T(ThT) fluorescence spectra analysis.In terms of molecular conformation,except eGY that could not form significant typical molecular conformation,eGS and eGV were mainly com...     

Influence of Spinning Technology on Dye Uptake of Modified Polypropylene Fiber

By adding small amount of olefin polymer additive, the dyeability of polypropylene fiber can be improved. Research results show that the improvement of dyeing performance of modified PP fiber is mainly due to the formation of looser structure of PP matrix and the micro-channels among additive particles in blended fiber. The dye uptake of drawn fibers decreases with drawing ratios obviously and changes with temperature of heat plate and heat roller a little.     

掺加降粘剂Sasobit对沥青指标影响的研究

近年来改性沥青在道路工程的大量使用,满足了工作性要求,却在施工过程中产生了大量烟尘等废弃物。而降低拌和温度是较好的办法,于是出现了温拌技术。该文以新疆克拉玛依90#A级沥青为研究对象结合温拌技术,研究掺加不同剂量的Sasobit对沥青的四种组分的影响及由此引起的变化,以确定Sasobit的合理掺量。     

Effects of Electrochemical Treatment on the Superficial Properties of Rayon-based Carbon Fibers

The development of surface acidity on rayon-based carbon fibers during mild electrochemical treatment was investigated. Conductimetric titration was the primary method used to investigate the functionalities on the carbon fiber surface. The acidity on the surface of the untreated carbon fiber was very low, while for the treated fibers, the acidity increased significantly. Moreover, with the treatment extent proceeded, the acidity on the fiber surface also increased. SEM analysis shows electrochemical treatment under intense treatment degree caused considerable etch on the fiber surface. Cavities and grooves can be observed on the surface via the SEM microphotograph. While in a more mild treatment, electrochemical treatment didn't cause great etch on the surface of the fiber.     

矿山酸性废水的形成机理及防治途径初探

硫化矿系的矿山在开采过程中常常产生含有金属硫酸盐的矿山酸性废水。这些酸性废水在井下腐蚀管道和设备，危害矿工健康，危害矿工健康；在地面污染地表水，破坏水生和陆生生态环境。本文根据微生物学，化学动力学和化学热力学的理论，探讨矿山酸性废水的形成机理和影响因素，并提出一些防治措施。