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991.
992.
Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres 总被引:85,自引:0,他引:85
The generation and selection of somatic antibody mutants are key elements of acquired immunity, essential for the affinity maturation of antibody responses dependent on T cells. The mutants are generated through a mechanism that introduces point mutations at high rate into rearranged variable (V) region genes in the course of cell proliferation. Their appearance coincides with the generation of germinal centres, which are characterized by oligoclonal B-cell proliferation and have been suggested to be the microenvironment in which antibody mutants are generated. We report here direct evidence for this hypothesis. Rearranged V-region genes were amplified from the genomic DNA of cells picked from individual germinal centres. The sequence analysis of these genes revealed that most represent cells of distinct B-cell clones which expanded locally, generating somatic antibody mutants at high rate. By contrast, antigen-induced proliferation of B cells at another site, periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath-associated foci, was not associated with somatic hypermutation. 相似文献
993.
提出一种自动目标检测算法性能的评价方法,设计了一种实景目标背景图像合成方法,由此可以得到满足测试目标检测算法性能的要求且度量参数调整方便的测试图像集,确定了16个图像质量度量指标,建立了性能评价的响应函数模型,采用因子分析、多元相关回归分析和Logistic回归分析方法,研究算法性能与图像度量的统计关系,实验表明,所提出的目标检测算法性能评价方法是合理的。 相似文献
994.
995.
Regulation of p34CDC28 tyrosine phosphorylation is not required for entry into mitosis in S. cerevisiae. 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
Progression from G2 to M phase in eukaryotes requires activation of a protein kinase composed of p34cdc2/CDC28 associated with G1-specific cyclins. In some organisms the activation of the kinase at the G2/M boundary is due to dephosphorylation of a highly conserved tyrosine residue at position 15 (Y15) of the cdc2 protein. Here we report that in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, p34CDC28 also undergoes cell-cycle regulated dephosphorylation on an equivalent tyrosine residue (Y19). However, in contrast to previous observations in S. pombe, Xenopus and mammalian cells, dephosphorylation of Y19 is not required for the activation of the CDC28/cyclin kinase. Furthermore, mutation of this tyrosine residue does not affect dependence of mitosis on DNA synthesis nor does it abolish G2 arrest induced by DNA damage. Our data imply that regulated phosphorylation of this tyrosine residue is not the 'universal' means by which the onset of mitosis is determined. We propose that there are other unidentified controls that regulate entry into mitosis. 相似文献
996.
G. Wegener U. Krause E. A. Newsholme 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(5):391-395
997.
FMS建模和形式化验证 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
提出了一种FMS的建模方法,此方法是基于时间自动机模型。运用模型检查工具UPPAAL来进行建模,仿真和验证。由于时间的因素被考虑到建模方法中,因此FMS的调度和控制问题可以被集成到这个模型中。在系统的行为被控制的同时,可以保证系统的性能指标。从而最优调度和最优控制可以得到检查和验证。 相似文献
998.
The explanation and simulation of the natural and artificial intelligence are the central goals of the studies of Neuroscience, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science. This paper first gives an introduction to the core topics and approaches in the study. Then, GAF--a general adaptive framework for neural system is proposed. Interdisciplinary discussions around the adaptation of the human nervous system are presented. Rules describing the theory of adaptation of the nervous system are provided. 相似文献
999.
Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in mice. 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
For nearly 20 years it has been assumed on the basis of low-resolution experiments that mitochondrial (mt)DNA, in contrast to the genes in the nucleus, has an exclusively maternal mode of inheritance in animals. Using the polymerase chain reaction, paternally inherited mtDNA molecules have now been detected in mice at a frequency of 10(-4), relative to the maternal contributions. These mice were hybrids between two inbred strains (C57BL/6J and Mus spretus) whose mtDNAs can be distinguished easily. This new mode of inheritance provides a mechanism for generating heteroplasmy and may explain mitochondrial disorders exhibiting biparental transmission. 相似文献
1000.
在一维布朗运动生成算法的基础上,构成一种二维生成算法,并在计算机上得到实现。在构造二维生成算法时,充分利用一维生成算法,将二维生成算法分解成多个一维生成算法,这样极大地减少了运算量和存储量,有利于计算机实现,因此该方法具有普遍意义。 相似文献