Genetic imprinting suggested by maternal heterodisomy in nondeletion Prader-Willi syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common form of dysmorphic genetic obesity associated with mental retardation. About 60% of cases have a cytological deletion of chromosome 15q11q13 (refs 2, 3). These deletions occur de novo exclusively on the paternal chromosome. By contrast, Angelman syndrome (AS) is a very different clinical disorder and is also associated with deletions of region 15q11q13 (refs 6-8), indistinguishable from those in PWS except that they occur de novo on the maternal chromosome. The parental origin of the affected chromosomes 15 in these disorders could, therefore, be a contributory factor in determining their clinical phenotypes. We have now used cloned DNA markers specific for the 15q11q13 subregion to determine the parental origin of chromosome 15 in PWS individuals not having cytogenetic deletions; these individuals account for almost all of the remaining 40% of PWS cases. Probands in two families displayed maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 15q11q13. This is the first demonstration that maternal heterodisomy--the presence of two different chromosome 15s derived from the mother--can be associated with a human genetic disease. The absence of a paternal contribution of genes in region 15q11q13, as found in PWS deletion cases, rather than a mutation in a specific gene(s) in this region may result in expression of the clinical phenotype. Thus, we conclude that a gene or genes in region 15q11q13 must be inherited from each parent for normal human development.     

Functional cloning of ICAM-2, a cell adhesion ligand for LFA-1 homologous to ICAM-1

The leukocyte adhesion molecule LFA-1 mediates a wide range of lymphocyte, monocyte, natural killer cell, and granulocyte interactions with other cells in immunity and inflammation. LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) is a receptor for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54), a surface molecule which is constitutively expressed on some tissues and induced on other in inflammation. Induction of ICAM-1 on epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts mediates LFA-1-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes. Several lines of evidence have suggested the existence of a second LFA-1 ligand: homotypic adhesion of one cell line was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to LFA-1, but not by one to ICAM-1; there exists an LFA-1-dependent, ICAM-1-independent pathway of adhesion to endothelial cells; and also, there are some types of target cells in which LFA-1-dependent T-lymphocyte adhesion and lysis are independent of ICAM-1. We have cloned this second ligand, designated ICAM-2, using a novel method for identifying ligands of adhesion molecules. ICAM-2 is an integral membrane protein with two immunoglobulin-like domains, whereas ICAM-1 has five. Remarkably, ICAM-2 is much more closely related to the two most N-terminal domains of ICAM-1 (34% identity) than either ICAM-1 or ICAM-2 is to other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, demonstrating the existence of a subfamily of immunoglobulin-like ligands that bind the same integrin receptor.     

适用于动态有向图路径检索的一种数据结构

给出一种表达加权有向图的数据结构，它使得对此有向图进行“插入”操作后，只需进行Ｏ（ｎ２）时间的维护工作，就可使得每对结点间的最短路径迅速地得到修整。     

鲁棒极点配置方法

研究一类线性多变量系统的鲁棒极点配置问题，提出了一种基于极点配置和目标函数优化的鲁棒极点配置方法。基本思想是，利用极点配置的参数化表示结果，以系统输出的Ｌ∞范数作为极点配置寻优的准则函数，通过解优化问题的途径确定极点配置问题中的自由参数。     

正交射流燃烧器气固两相流动的数值计算

运用气相ｋ－ε模型和颗粒相代数方程模型对正交射流煤粉燃烧器气固两相流场进行了数值模拟，获得了该燃烧器内的气、固两相速度分布，颗粒质量流分布，并与实验值进行了对比，两者定性符合，同时，探讨了颗粒直径对颗粒混合的影响，得到了一些很有价值的结论。     

PMSM伺服控制的数字电流环研究

研究了永磁同步电动机（ＰＭＳＭ）伺服系统的一种新型数字电流环方案，该方案采用了规则采样法生成ＰＷＭ波的比例型电流调节器，提出用前馈补偿和变电流环增益技术才能提高电流调节性能，给出了数字仿真和实验结果。     

基于灰度与边缘的图像分割方法

提出一种基于多图像信息的图像分割方法，利用Ｂａｙｅｓ分类准则，根据每个像素的多图像信息向量将其分为目标或背景，并对动态图像组成的图像序列或静态图像的分割给出了不同的像素分类准则，同时给出了硬件实时实现的原理，该方法适用于图像序列、低对比度图像和其它难于用一种图像信息分割的图像。实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种三维图像表面重建的方法

在计算机立体视觉研究中，主要针对人造场景，提出了一种新的三维表面重建方法。该方法首先对景物的灰度图像进行分割，将景物图像分成各种不同的区域，利用了将立体像对进行边缘特征匹配的结果，并使用各种曲面模型对各区域进行拟合，以求得整个区域内的视差值，再对整个视差图进行自适应平滑，得到了较为满意的结果。     

模糊缺省推理的理论和方法研究

在一种含有补余律的模糊抽象代数系统（即ＦｕｚｚｙＢｏｏｌｅ代数）上，利用模糊逻辑公式与布尔函数的相互转换性，构造了具有模糊非单调推理能力的推理机制；从可应用性出发对模糊缺省规则进行了深入的讨论。该推理机制不仅增加了在量的描述方面的知识表达能力，而且在一定程度上解决了扩张存在性问题，提高了推理的效率。     

面向对象数据库系统中类层次及其复杂性研究

从面向对象数据库系统中类层次的基本概念出发，讨论了对象与类的成员关系和类与类之间的交互依赖关系，提出了一种类层次模式描述语言，并讨论了将该语言表达为一阶逻辑的方法．对类层次模式中对象与类以及类与类的关系推理问题的复杂性进行了一些分析