双光斑交叉目标跟踪方法研究

为了解决交叉目标跟踪中相关系数矩阵的多峰性引起的目标模糊对应问题，提高状态估计的精度，提出了一种通过估计双光斑交叉目标形状参数来辨别目标，进而完成目标状态估计的方法─ＯＤＡＭＣＦ（ＯｐｔｉｍａｌＤａｔａＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎＭｅｒｇｅｄ－ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｒｎｅｎｔＣｏｕｐｌｅｄＦｉｌｔｅｒ）算法。实验表明，对于像喷气式发动机或导弹尾焰产生的红外高斯图像，形状参数估计的结果是精确的，能较有效地解决目标的模糊对应问题，提高了目标状态估计的精度；     

表格框架自动输入的算法研究

提出了一个表格框架自动输入系统的结构．该系统采用扫描仪输入，去除字符和噪声，抽取表格框架矢量．重点研究了系统的核心：ＥＤＬ算法和ＴＳ算法及实现表格自动输入的技术．作为研究成果，已经建立一个自动输入系统，并在实际中得到了应用     

变通道涡流室式燃烧室气体流动的分析

分析了变通道涡流室式燃烧室和涡流室式燃烧室气体流动的差异，以及变通道涡流室式燃烧室通道结构参数对流动损失的影响；根据计算与试验结果，提出了变通道涡流室式燃烧室通道结构参数的最佳取值范围，研究表明，变通道涡流室式燃烧室的气体流动特性有利于加快油气混合与燃烧的进程，减少流动损失，从而获得比常规涡流室式燃烧室更高的热效率。     

用于图像压缩的小波变换编码

提出了一种二维小波变换编码方案，使用塔形算法结构将图像沿水平与垂直方向分解成一组多分辨率子图像。根据小波系数的统计特性和人类视觉特性，对小波系数进行门限量化，推导了量化门限与量化间隔的计算公式，量化后的多分辨率子图像采用自适应分块编码进一步进行压缩。计算机模拟结果证明了本方案的优越性能。     

A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane

A large fraction of globally produced methane is converted to CO2 by anaerobic oxidation in marine sediments. Strong geochemical evidence for net methane consumption in anoxic sediments is based on methane profiles, radiotracer experiments and stable carbon isotope data. But the elusive microorganisms mediating this reaction have not yet been isolated, and the pathway of anaerobic oxidation of methane is insufficiently understood. Recent data suggest that certain archaea reverse the process of methanogenesis by interaction with sulphate-reducing bacteria. Here we provide microscopic evidence for a structured consortium of archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria, which we identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization using specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. In this example of a structured archaeal-bacterial symbiosis, the archaea grow in dense aggregates of about 100 cells and are surrounded by sulphate-reducing bacteria. These aggregates were abundant in gas-hydrate-rich sediments with extremely high rates of methane-based sulphate reduction, and apparently mediate anaerobic oxidation of methane.     

Chaperone-like features of bovine serum albumin: a comparison with α-crystallin

The chaperone behaviour of bovine serum albumin was compared with that of α-crystallin. The chaperone activity was assessed by measuring: (i) the ability to antagonize protein aggregation induced by heat; (ii) the capability to protect the activity of thermally stressed enzymes and (iii) the effectiveness in assisting the functional recovery of chemically denatured sorbitol dehydrogenase. Despite the lack of structural analogies, both proteins show several functional similarities in preventing inactivation of thermally stressed enzymes and in reactivating chemically denatured sorbitol dehydrogenase. As with α-crystallin, the chaperone action of bovine serum albumin appears to be ATP independent. Bovine serum albumin appears significantly less effective than α-crystallin only in preventing thermally induced protein aggregation. A possible relationship between chaperone function and structural organization is proposed. Together, our results indicate that bovine serum albumin acts as a molecular chaperone and that, for its particular distribution, can be included in the extracellular chaperone family. Received 29 August 2005; received after revision 23 September 2005; accepted 12 October 2005     

Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae

The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and Aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce. Our analysis of genome structure provided a quantitative evaluation of forces driving long-term eukaryotic genome evolution. It also led to an experimentally validated model of mating-type locus evolution, suggesting the potential for sexual reproduction in A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Our analysis of sequence conservation revealed over 5,000 non-coding regions actively conserved across all three species. Within these regions, we identified potential functional elements including a previously uncharacterized TPP riboswitch and motifs suggesting regulation in filamentous fungi by Puf family genes. We further obtained comparative and experimental evidence indicating widespread translational regulation by upstream open reading frames. These results enhance our understanding of these widely studied fungi as well as provide new insight into eukaryotic genome evolution and gene regulation.     

Alpha-crystallin: an ATP-independent complete molecular chaperone toward sorbitol dehydrogenase

-Crystallin, the major component of the vertebrate lens, is known to interact with proteins undergoing denaturation and to protect them from aggregation phenomena. Bovine lens sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was previously shown to be completely protected by -crystallin from thermally induced aggregation and inactivation. Here we report that -crystallin, in the presence of the SDH pyridine cofactor NAD(H), can exert a remarkable chaperone action by favoring the recovery of the enzyme activity from chemically denaturated SDH up to 77%. Indeed, even in the absence of the cofactor, -crystallin present at a ratio with SDH of 20:1 (w:w) allows a recovery of 35% of the enzyme activity. The effect of ATP in enhancing -crystallin-promoted SDH renaturation appears to be both nonspecific and to not involve hydrolysis phenomena, thus confirming that the chaperone action of -crystallin is not dependent on ATP as energy donor.Received 28 October 2004; received after revision 22 December 2004; accepted 10 January 2005