Isothermal reduction of titanomagnetite concentrates containing coal

The isothermal reduction of the Panzhihua titanomagnetite concentrates (PTC) briquette containing coal under argon atmosphere was investigated by thermogravimetry in an electric resistance furnace within the temperature range of 1250–1350℃. The samples reduced in argon at 1350℃ for different time were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Model-fitting and model-free methods were used to evaluate the apparent activation energy of the reduction reaction. It is found that the reduction rate is very fast at the early stage, and then, at a later stage, the reduction rate becomes slow and decreases gradually to the end of the reduction. It is also observed that the reduction of PTC by coal depends greatly on the temperature. At high temperatures, the reduction degree reaches high values faster and the final value achieved is higher than at low temperatures. The final phase composition of the reduced PTC-coal briquette consists in iron and ferrous-pseudobrookite (FeTi₂O₅), while Fe_2.75Ti_0.25O₄, Fe_2.5Ti_0.5O₄, Fe_2.25Ti_0.75O₄, ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and wustite (FeO) are intermediate products. The reaction rate is controlled by the phase boundary reaction for reduction degree less than 0.2 with an apparent activation energy of about 68 kJ·mol?1 and by three-dimensional diffusion for reduction degree greater than 0.75 with an apparent activation energy of about 134 kJ·mol?1. For the reduction degree in the range of 0.2–0.75, the reaction rate is under mixed control, and the activation energy increases with the increase of the reduction degree.     

Multi-scale pressure-balanced structures in the solar wind observed by WIND

This work detects multi-scale, from hour to seconds, pressure-balanced structures (PBSs) in the solar wind based on the anti- correlation between the plasma thermal pressure and the magnetic pressure measured by WIND at 1 AU on April 5th, 2001. In our former research based on Cluster measurements, we showed the anti-correlation between the electron density and the magnetic field strength in multi-scales, and we supposed these structures may be pressure-balanced structures. Thus, in this work we aim to prove our speculation by the direct evidence on pressure measurements. Different from our previous work, we apply the WIND measurements this time, for they have both the magnetic pressure and the plasma pressure which Cluster could not offer. We use the wavelet cross-coherence method to analyze the correlation between the plasma pressure (P th ) and the magnetic pressure (P B ), and also the electron density (N e ) and the magnetic field strength (B) on various scales. We observe the anti-correlation between P th and P B distributed at different temporal scales ranging from 1000 s down to 10 s. This result directly indicates the existence of pressure- balanced structures (PBSs) with different sizes in the solar wind. Further, We compare the wavelet cross correlation spectrum of P th -P B and N e -B. We notice that the two spectra are similar in general. Thus this result confirms that the relation between P th -P B and N e -B are consistent with each other in the PBSs we study. Moreover, we compare the power spectrum density (PSD) of relative N e fluctuation with our previous work based on Cluster measurements. The two spectra show similar trend with Komolgorov’s -5/3 as their slopes. This may imply the similarity of the structures observed by both WIND and Cluster spacecrafts. Finally, we discuss the possible formation mechanisms for these multi-scale pressure-balanced structures. Our result is important to support the existence of multi-scale PBSs from one-hour scale down to one-minute, and is helpful to understand the role of compressive fluctuation in the solar wind turbulence dominated by Alfvénic cascading.     

Structural basis for gene regulation by a thiamine pyrophosphate-sensing riboswitch

Riboswitches are metabolite-sensing RNAs, typically located in the non-coding portions of messenger RNAs, that control the synthesis of metabolite-related proteins. Here we describe a 2.05 angstroms crystal structure of a riboswitch domain from the Escherichia coli thiM mRNA that responds to the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP is an active form of vitamin B1, an essential participant in many protein-catalysed reactions. Organisms from all three domains of life, including bacteria, plants and fungi, use TPP-sensing riboswitches to control genes responsible for importing or synthesizing thiamine and its phosphorylated derivatives, making this riboswitch class the most widely distributed member of the metabolite-sensing RNA regulatory system. The structure reveals a complex folded RNA in which one subdomain forms an intercalation pocket for the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine moiety of TPP, whereas another subdomain forms a wider pocket that uses bivalent metal ions and water molecules to make bridging contacts to the pyrophosphate moiety of the ligand. The two pockets are positioned to function as a molecular measuring device that recognizes TPP in an extended conformation. The central thiazole moiety is not recognized by the RNA, which explains why the antimicrobial compound pyrithiamine pyrophosphate targets this riboswitch and downregulates the expression of thiamine metabolic genes. Both the natural ligand and its drug-like analogue stabilize secondary and tertiary structure elements that are harnessed by the riboswitch to modulate the synthesis of the proteins coded by the mRNA. In addition, this structure provides insight into how folded RNAs can form precision binding pockets that rival those formed by protein genetic factors.     

不同林龄马尾松人工林针叶功能性状及其与土壤养分的关系

【目的】植物功能性状将植物与环境的结构、过程与功能有机联系起来,反映了植物对环境的适应机制。探究马尾松叶功能性状对林龄和土壤养分的响应,揭示马尾松人工林对喀斯特环境的适应策略,为喀斯特地区更好地营造马尾松人工林提供科学依据。【方法】以黔西北地区14、26、33年生马尾松人工林群落为研究对象,用空间代替时间的方法来分析不同林龄对马尾松叶功能性状和土壤养分的影响。【结果】8个叶功能性状中变异系数最小的是有机碳(OC)含量,最大的是比叶面积(SLA),除SLA和叶面积(LA)外,其他叶功能性状均属弱变异;随着林龄的增长,马尾松叶功能性状值(除叶干物质含量外)均呈增长的趋势,各叶功能性状之间存在一定的相关性;土壤全磷含量和土壤有机碳含量是影响不同林龄马尾松叶功能性状的主要土壤因子。【结论】不同林龄马尾松叶功能性状的差异表明马尾松针叶具有较强的可塑性,可以通过性状的耦合协调或组合来适应环境。植物功能性状对土壤理化性质的响应是一个长期的过程,需加强长期监测。     

管理图第一类误判概率α的计算及其可靠性讨论

X管理图是工厂质量控制的王要手段之一。现已有国家标准。但由于它涉及大量复杂的概率计算,它的数学原理还极少被详尽地讨论过。本文把它的所有判断规则看作一个整体,并用严格的数学推导计算了在每一点上点子排列有缺陷的概率。由于运用了递推技巧,部分计算得到了简化,从而把結果推进到头十七点。藉助于数理统计中两类误判的概念,我们得到了关于第一类误判概率的可靠性表。它表明,在头十点上发生误判的概率约为0.10,头十七点上发生误判的概率约为0.20。这些结果对管理图的理论研究和实际应用都有重要的参考价值。关于第二类误判概率及其计算我们将另文讨论。     

格点规范场与物质场耦合系统的相结构

本文推广Migdal-Kadanaff实空间重化正群技术,并将新发展的方法用于格点规范场与Higgs物质场耦合系统(取规范群为Z(2)与Z(4)),得到了这类相互作用系统的相结构.     

多变量伺服系统综合鲁棒控制器的设计方法

本文将通用输出反馈稳定控制器用于带有Davison型伺服补偿器的鲁棒伺服系统。考虑到控制对象参数变化时对动态特性的要求,提出了一种增广二次型性能指标,并构造了一个最优化问题以确定控制器的参数。中文给出了综合鲁棒控制器存在的充分必要条件,并导出了它满足上述性能指标的一组必要条件。     

茉莉(Tasininan Sumbac A.it)寒害的解剖观察和不同覆盖物对茉莉防寒的初步研究

本文对茉莉寒害进行了解剖观察和不同覆盖物对茉莉防寒的初步研究。研究表明:受寒害的茉莉茎皮层以内的细胞,大多数原生质消失,严重的从形成层处发生断裂,使木质部与韧皮部分离,造成茎中横向运输受阻,同时皮层以内胞间隙增大和胞间隙内的物质变浓,从而可能使细胞对物质的被动转移和渗透增加,即细胞内物质外渗,引起细胞内结冰,细胞器和膜系统遭到破坏,代谢受到严重影响,因而导致细胞死亡。但加盖不同覆盖物后均对茉莉的防寒和安全越冬有良好作用,主要是使细胞内原生质浓度增加,降低了细胞的冰点,减少细胞内外结冰的可能性,使植株的器官和组织能执行正常的生理机能。     

基于Client/Server模式的AIP分析系统研究

对ＡＩＰ系统中的关键技术问题，即人造大气的在线检测和实时控制以及人造大气成分对分隔式闭式循环柴油机性能的影响进行了试验和模拟计算研究．在此基础上，面向Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ／Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ模式，采用ＦｏｘｐｒｏｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ平台，开发出交互式的ＡＩＰ分析系统，实现了高性能的数据存储与管理     

形状记忆合金机器人关节驱动器的控制系统

介绍一种用形状记忆合金（SMA）作机器人关节驱动器控制用的用片机主控制电路，外围电，加热电源系统，和单片机主控制系统由软件设计，该系统成本低廉，控制精度达0．3°（一个脉冲）。