Influence of CO2 laser welding parameters on the microstructure, metallurgy, and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloys

This study investigated the microstructural characteristics, metallurgy, microhardness, and tensile strength of AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy weldments, fabricated in a CO₂ laser welding process with the adjustment of various parameters. The results show that the AZ31 weldment contains equiaxed grains within the fusion zone (FZ). By contrast, the FZ of the AZ61 weldment contains refined cellular grains and the partially melted zone (PMZ) contains bulk grains. We infer that the difference in aluminum content between the two magnesium alloys results in different supercooling rates and solid grain structures. For both weldments, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) decreases following the CO₂ laser welding process. However, no significant difference is noted between the UTS of the two weldments, suggesting that tensile strength is insensitive to the Al content of the magnesium alloy. The CO₂ laser welding process is shown to increase the microhardness of both magnesium alloys. Furthermore, grain refinement is responsible for the maximum hardness in the FZ of both weldments. The AZ61 weldment has a higher content of Al, resulting in a greater grain refinement.     

双齿配体DPPE和DPPM对Mo－Fe－S簇合物自兜合成的影响

通过线型三核络合物特征电子吸收光谱的变化，研究新发现的、对固氮酶活力有特殊作用的某些双齿配体对ＭｏＳ２－４－ｎＦｅＣｌ＿２－ＤＭＦ体系形成立方烷型Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ－Ｓ簇合物的可能影响。     

Protective chemicals in caterpillar survival

Summary Using two species of caterpillars; larvae of the swallowtail butterfly, which produce large amounts of iso-butyric and 2-methylbutyric acids, and larvae of the puss moth, which produce no such detectable volatile compounds, it was shown that the insect which utilizes a chemical defense is better protected from its natural enemy, a praying mantis.     

Characterization and relative abundance of maxi-chloride channels in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) producer: B95-8 cells

Several Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell lines were used to investigate the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The studies focus on the events occurring inside the membrane. On only one occasion, the cell membrane of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes from a cystic fibrosis patient was found to express defective Cl channels (CFTR; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), as in the airway epithelial cell. No other type of channel in EBV-transformed cells has so far been investigated. In this study, the cell membrane of the B95-8 cell was examined by the patch-clamp technique and compared to the non-EBV-infected BJAB cell. The high conductance (300 pS) maxi-chloride (Cl) channel activity was the most frequently observed event in inside-out configurations. Under similar experimental conditions, we have found a significantly higher probability of detecting maxi-Cl channel activity on the cell membrane of B95-8 cells (69%) than on BJAB cells (27%), or as previously reported on resting murine B lymphocytes (38%) or intact human T lymphocytes (37%). The relative abundance of the maxi-Cl channel on B95-8 cells may be linked to EBV infection and/or secretory ability.     

碳纳米管促进Cu-基高效甲醇合成催化剂

用自行制备的碳纳米管（CNTs）作为促进剂，研制出一类高效甲醇合成催化剂CuiZnjAlk-Ox-wt%CNTs，评价它们对CO／CO加氢成甲醇的催化活性，并与非CNTs促进的相应体系作对比研究。实现发现，碳纳米管能显著地促进甲醇合成反应活性的提高。在493K，5．0MPa,H2/CO/CO2/N2=62/30/5/3(V/V),GHSV=8000h^-1的反应条件下, Cu6Zn3Al1-Ox-12.5wt%CNTs催化剂上，甲醇的时空产率达1064mgh^-1(g-catal)^-1；产物中甲醇的选择性达98％以上；而在相同的制备和反应条件下、在非促进相应催化剂Cu6Zn3Al1-Ox上，甲醇的时空产率只达729mgh^-1（g-catal)-1.H2-TDP观测揭示，常压下在CNTs材料、以及CNTs促进催化剂CuiZnjAlk-Ox-wt%CNTs上，可以吸附存储着数量相当可观、在423－573K温度范围处于可逆吸、脱附的吸附氢物种。这一特性将有助于在甲醇合成反应条件下，营造较高氢稳态的表面氛围，以有利于提高表面加氢反应的速率；与此同时，很可能由于加氢活性的提高，使得碳纳米管促进催化剂上甲醇合成反应所需温度比非促进的相应体系下降15－25K，这在相当大程度上将有利于提高CO的平衡转化率和甲醇合的平衡产率。本文结果表明，碳纳米管对H2优异的吸附、活化及存储性能对于促进其所改进催化剂上甲醇合成反应活性的显著提高，起着关键作用。     

正丁基苯甲酸选择加氢催化剂的制备及其催化性能

正丁基苯甲酸选择加氢催化剂的制备及其催化性能陈鸿博廖代伟黑美军林贻基洪琦于腊佳蔡启瑞（厦门大学化学系物理化学研究所厦门３６１００５）液晶具有独特的光学、电学、光电和热性质,近几年来被广泛用作液晶显示器,与光发射显示器相比,它具有功耗低,体积小,携带方...     

铑催化剂上CO的吸附态及其加氢反应

用红外光谱法测定表明：各种硅胶负载仲进型铑催化剂上，线ＣＯ／桥ＣＯ红外吸收强度比值与金属助剂（Ｍ）的关系变化顺序为（５０：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｍｎ）〉（２２：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｌｉ）〉（９．１：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｍｎ－Ｆｅ－Ｌｉ）〉（３．５：１）（Ｒｈ－Ｆｅ）〉２．８：１）（Ｒｈ）。在各种Ｒｈ－Ｍ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上，线、桥ＣＯ吸附态的加氢原位ＦＴＩＲ跟踪实验表明：随着加氢的进行，线ＣＯ／桥ＣＯ吸收强度比值均逐渐减少…     

改进型铜基甲醇合成催化剂的制备研究

在三组分铜基催化剂Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ中添加少量第四组分金属氧化物助剂ＭＯ＿ｘ，制得改进型四组分铜基甲醇合成催化剂Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ－Ｍ（ＸＨ４０２）；５．０ＭＰａ压力下的活性评价结果表明ＸＨ４０２催化剂合成甲醇时空得率比工业甲醇合成催化剂Ｃ３０１提高２５％。催化剂的ＸＲＤ表征显示，工作态ＸＨ４０２催化剂的活性相特征峰２θ＝４３．３２°的强度比Ｃ３０１的提高约３０％。     

DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22

Human-chimpanzee comparative genome research is essential for narrowing down genetic changes involved in the acquisition of unique human features, such as highly developed cognitive functions, bipedalism or the use of complex language. Here, we report the high-quality DNA sequence of 33.3 megabases of chimpanzee chromosome 22. By comparing the whole sequence with the human counterpart, chromosome 21, we found that 1.44% of the chromosome consists of single-base substitutions in addition to nearly 68,000 insertions or deletions. These differences are sufficient to generate changes in most of the proteins. Indeed, 83% of the 231 coding sequences, including functionally important genes, show differences at the amino acid sequence level. Furthermore, we demonstrate different expansion of particular subfamilies of retrotransposons between the lineages, suggesting different impacts of retrotranspositions on human and chimpanzee evolution. The genomic changes after speciation and their biological consequences seem more complex than originally hypothesized.