基于Web的实体关系发现的研究

作为Web内容挖掘的重要组成部分,基于Web的命名实体提取与实体关系发现,以海量Web网页中蕴涵的海量实体及丰富的实体间关系为对象,充分利用Web数据本身的特点,发展一整套方法和技术,力求高效、准确地提取Web网页中的实体与关系.     

破碎的系统观

论文讨论了:1、中国传统系统观的基本特征,它们是,普遍主义的大一统的系统观;基础主义和整体主义的系统观;2、科学实践哲学和新经验主义科学哲学蕴含的多元主义的地方性系统观;3、多元主义地方性系统观对于系统科学的意义。     

Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins

Medulloblastoma encompasses a collection of clinically and molecularly diverse tumour subtypes that together comprise the most common malignant childhood brain tumour. These tumours are thought to arise within the cerebellum, with approximately 25% originating from granule neuron precursor cells (GNPCs) after aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway (hereafter, SHH subtype). The pathological processes that drive heterogeneity among the other medulloblastoma subtypes are not known, hindering the development of much needed new therapies. Here we provide evidence that a discrete subtype of medulloblastoma that contains activating mutations in the WNT pathway effector CTNNB1 (hereafter, WNT subtype) arises outside the cerebellum from cells of the dorsal brainstem. We found that genes marking human WNT-subtype medulloblastomas are more frequently expressed in the lower rhombic lip (LRL) and embryonic dorsal brainstem than in the upper rhombic lip (URL) and developing cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intra-operative reports showed that human WNT-subtype tumours infiltrate the dorsal brainstem, whereas SHH-subtype tumours are located within the cerebellar hemispheres. Activating mutations in Ctnnb1 had little impact on progenitor cell populations in the cerebellum, but caused the abnormal accumulation of cells on the embryonic dorsal brainstem which included aberrantly proliferating Zic1(+) precursor cells. These lesions persisted in all mutant adult mice; moreover, in 15% of cases in which Tp53 was concurrently deleted, they progressed to form medulloblastomas that recapitulated the anatomy and gene expression profiles of human WNT-subtype medulloblastoma. We provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct cellular origins. Our data provide an explanation for the marked molecular and clinical differences between SHH- and WNT-subtype medulloblastomas and have profound implications for future research and treatment of this important childhood cancer.     

复合电源蓄能修井机能量管理策略

针对网电修井机在使用时由于井场供电限制导致的变压器过载、井场短时停电以及下放作业能量浪费等问题,提出了以复合电源作为电动修井机的蓄能器,对修井机的输出功率进行补偿,并针对修井作业工况的特殊性,设计了一种基于局部优化的逻辑门限控制策略。利用MATLAB/Simulink建立主要部件仿真模型并对典型工况进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计控制策略能够对各动力源的能量进行合理分配,超级电容的高利用率能够更加充分地发挥其优势,降低蓄电池能量流通与功率输出幅值,延长了蓄电池使用寿命。     

拟波阻抗反演在葡北油田储层沉积微相刻画中的应用

 为了进一步提高碎屑岩油层沉积微相图的制图精度,并增强其横向预测性,以满足油气藏开发的需要,在大庆长垣葡北油田二断块,针对葡萄花油层中声波曲线不能有效区分储层与围岩,探索出了一套单井相与拟波阻抗地震反演数据结合沉积微相制图方法。该方法通过各种测井曲线储层敏感性交汇分析,找出储层敏感性测井曲线为自然电位曲线,并将其转换为阻抗值量纲的曲线,提取出高频部分,与原始波阻抗曲线低频部分合并,形成能反映储层变化的拟波阻抗曲线。然后,将重构拟波阻抗曲线用于地震反演。依据地震反演预测结果,分沉积单元精细调整拟波阻抗砂泥岩的门槛值,使阻抗体所反映的砂体厚度与测井解释砂体厚度纵向上具有最优的符合率,绘制各沉积单元砂岩厚度的平面分布。在绘制沉积微相图时,井点根据其单元所属的相带类型进行外推,井间微相由砂体厚度和形态确定,利用反演信息确定河道宽度,反演的波阻抗切片确定各沉积微相发育形态。最后,进行单井沉积相校正,完成各沉积单元沉积微相图。该方法强调单井相与地震拟波阻抗反演数据的结合预测沉积微相分布特征,实际应用效果表明新的制图方法精度高、实用性强,能有效推动油气藏精细开发调整。     

多模型油藏闭环管理

 针对目前基于单一模型进行油藏闭环管理的局限性,结合油藏数值模拟技术,提出了一种基于多模型实现的油藏闭环管理方法。利用集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)法通过拟合实测数据对地质模型进行实时更新,并以更新后模型的经济净现值的期望值作为目标函数,通过随机扰动近似算法(SPSA)进行油田生产优化。计算实例显示,应用该方法进行油藏闭环管理能够降低油藏模型的不确定性,给出更为合理的地质模型估计,所得控制方案相比常规方案明显改善了注水开发效果、提高了经济效益、降低了开发的风险性。     

工程机械维修行业发展的问题及其策略研究

机械工业发展水平是一个国家工业现代化的基本标志之一,工程机械是工程建设的重要工具.文章采用文献法对我国工程机械维修的现状进行探讨分析,结合国内外的机械维修方面研究经验,提出工程机械维修的若干具体措施,以期保证企业工程机械长期处于良好的运行状态,提高机械利用率,延长设备使用寿命,提高企业经济效益和产品竞争力.     

无线传感器网络的不确定传感数据预测

由于传感误差、传感噪声、传输错误等因素的影响,同一个传感区域内多个传感器节点的传感数据具有一定程度的差异,这种差异导致的区域不确定性传感数据给查询、预测等后续深层次的数据处理提出了严峻挑战.针对这类传感数据的预测问题,提出一种基于多变量主元分析（multiple variable principal component analysis,MVPCA）的不确定性传感数据预测方法. 通过MVPCA的特征提取这一预处理手段获得不确定性传感数据的本质特征,然后采用基于相关分析的多元回归方法对这些数据进行建模和预测. 实际传感数据的实验结果表明,该方法能有效解决不确定性传感数据的预测问题.     

基于多波位杂波的通道相位误差估计方法

雷达的通道误差会影响杂波抑制效果和参数估计性能。为解决此问题,提出了一种针对机载扫描模式雷达的通道相位误差估计方法。首先对不同接收通道的杂波数据进行干涉处理,然后结合扫描角来求解通道相位误差。为了减小系统噪声影响,提高估计精度,选取主杂波内独立同分布的距离单元作为估计样本。另外,对多个波位的杂波求平均进一步降低了估计误差。机载雷达实测数据处理结果表明,该方法可以较好地补偿通道相位误差,并且可以显著提高系统的目标定位能力。     

Dynamic model and simulation of aseismatic system about laser gyro strapdown inertial measure assembly based on MSTMM

The precision of the laser gyro used in tactical missiles is poor because of dithering frequency,actuating by vibration,shock and overload in dynamical environment.This paper introduces the transfer matrix method of the multibody system(MSTMM),establishes the dynamic model of the laser gyro strapdown inertial measure assembly aseismatic system,and analyzes the precision affected by dithering of the laser gyro and shocking of the tactical missile.And the dynamic response of the laser gyro strapdown inertial measure assembly aseismatic system is obtained by simulating the multibody system model.The simulation result indicates a theoretical idea to design the vibration isolation for the laser gyro strapdown inertial measure assembly.