堆积型滑坡地震响应的离心模型试验

基于离心振动台模型试验,采用Taft波激励,不断增大其幅值,研究不同强度地震波作用下堆积型滑坡地震响应特征,对比分析了汶川地震清溪台站基岩波结果的异同.结果表明:坡面水平向和竖直向峰值加速度放大系数均随坡高增加而增大,呈现高程放大效应;坡体内水平向峰值加速度放大系数分布与坡面不同;坡面对输入地震波有反射作用并呈现坡面浅表放大效应;基岩水平向加速度随高程增加存在增大现象,与地震动输入相比,均有缩小现象.同一高程处,坡面水平向与竖直向、坡体内及基岩水平向峰值加速度放大系数随地震波幅值的增大其变化规律不同.     

Uncertainty in crossing time of 2 °C warming threshold over China

The 2 °C warming target has been used widely in global and regional climate change research. Previous studies have shown large uncertainties in the time when surface air temperature (SAT) change over China will reach 2 °C relative to the pre-industrial era. To understand the uncertainties, we analyzed the projected SAT in the twenty-first century using 40 state-of-the-art climate models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The 2 °C threshold-crossing time (TCT) of SAT averaged across China was around 2033 and 2029 for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Considering a ±1σ range of intermodel SAT change, the upper and lower bounds of the 2 °C TCT could differ by about 25 years or even more. Uncertainty in the projected SAT and the warming rate around the TCT are the two main factors responsible for the TCT uncertainty. The former is determined by the climate sensitivity represented by the global mean surface temperature response. About 45 % of the intermodel variance of the projected 2 °C TCT for averaged SAT over China can be explained by climate sensitivity across the models, which is contributed mainly by central and southern China. In a climate more sensitive to CO₂ forcing, stronger greenhouse effect, less stratus cloud over the East Asian monsoon region, and less snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau result in increased downward longwave radiation, increased shortwave radiation, and decreased shortwave radiation reflected by the surface, respectively, all of which may advance the TCT.     

Influences of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology and structure of nanoporous Co nanoparticles during chemical dealloying

The Co-61.8 wt% Al nanoparticles of 45 nm were prepared by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) method. The nanoparticles display core shell structure with Al13Co4 and CoAl core and aluminum oxide shell (about 2 nm). Under ultrasonic irradiation, nanoporous fcc-Co nanoparticles were produced successfully by chemically dealloying the Co-Al nanoparticles at room temperature, whereas, without ultrasonic irradiation CoAl phase could hardly react with sodium hydroxide solution. At 323 K the Co-Al nanoparticles could be dealloyed to fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases even without ultrasonic irradiation. The surface area of the dealloyed nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation was larger than that of the dealloyed sample without ultrasonic irradiation at the same temperature. It is believed that the microjet and shock-wave induced by ultrasonic irradiation give rise to particles size reduction, interparticle collision and surface cleaning, and accelerate the dealloying process and the phase transformation.     

正融土强度弱化特性研究的试验仪器及方法

冻土,特别是含冰透镜体的冻土解冻时,出现强度大幅度下降的弱化现象,这是季节冻土区内路基春季翻浆冒泥、地基失稳的重要原因.为探明路基土融化过程中的强度弱化机理,在此基础上制定有效的冻害预防措施,对国产土工静力三轴仪进行了一系列改造,并配以专用的冻土试样制备设备、冻土试样融化加热设备和外部保温设施,共同制成冻土解冻时的强度弱化试验仪.用该仪器进行了相关试验研究,结果表明,仪器得到的数据合理有效,该仪器设备可以在冻土学研究中推广应用.     

多支撑地下连续墙动态开挖过程中m值反分析

为了能够准确地确定m值,必须合理选择计算模型.采用弹性地基梁法,结合现场多支撑动态开挖的过程,建立了有约束非线性最优化设计模型.通过以实测与计算位移的相对残差平方和最小为目标,首先根据实测位移建立参数反分析的目标函数,然后采用Matlab有约束非线性优化技术对其进行优化,以达到分阶段多层动态施工反分析的目的,从而使所得...     

有等温材料的压力容器内空气温度变化测量方法

针对填充了等温材料的压力容器在排气过程中产生的温度变化,提出了测量容器内空气温度变化的方法.建立了利用中间停止法测量容器内空气温度变化的数学模型,仿真和实验结果的比较验证了模型的正确性.针对传统的中间停止法提出了缩短测量时间的新方法.结果表明,同等测试精度下,新方法比传统方式在测试时间上缩短90%以上.     

Rolling-induced microstructure change in Zr_(65)Al_(7.5)Ni_(10)Cu_(12.5)Ag_5 bulk metallic glass

The microstructures and free-volume evolutions of as-cast and pre-annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glasses during rolling deformation have been investigated. No phase transformation is detected in the as-cast/rolled specimen. However,the structural stability of the glass against plastic deformation is worse after pre-annealing,indicated by nanocrystallization in preannealed/rolled specimens with large deformation degrees. Moreover,with increasing deformation degree,the free-volume content in a ...     

受激布里渊散射慢光系统中强度调制器的应用研究

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉式的强度调制器具有移频特性,用于受激布里渊散射的慢光系统可以用来产生具有布里渊频移的信号光.理论和实验分析了M-Z干涉式电光强度调制器的频移特性.受激布里渊散射慢光实验中利用12.5 Gbit/s的电光强度调制器产生了相对于泵浦光具有9.394 GHz布里渊频移,脉宽为50 ns的信号光.在泵浦功率20 mW的情况下,该脉冲在2.5 km长的高非线性光纤中获得了32 dB的非饱和增益,脉冲延迟了25 ns.     

固定位宽乘法器的量化误差补偿方法及电路实现

为了减小乘法器量化噪声对认知无线电信道检测性能的影响并节省芯片面积,提出一种高精度的固定位宽基-4Booth(FBB-4B)乘法器结构.该乘法器的截断部分被分为保留、自适应补偿和常数补偿3部分.常数补偿部分的量化误差补偿值合并到自适应补偿部分,根据自适应补偿部分进位状态的编码产生自适应量化误差补偿值,并设计了补偿进位生成电路.相较于截断部分全部采用自适应补偿的乘法器,FBB-4B乘法器的自适应补偿部分所包含的部分积位数较少,使得自适应补偿部分的量化误差减小,从而提高了该乘法器的精度.仿真实验表明,FBB-4B乘法器的精度比其他同类乘法器的精度提高了约13%,比理想基-4Booth乘法器的面积减少了30%左右.     

稀释气体对甲烷层流预混火焰燃烧速度的影响

基于GRI-Mech 3.0详细化学反应机理,利用预混燃烧模型(PREMIX Code)研究了甲烷-空气-稀释气层流预混火焰燃烧特性及火焰结构.重点探讨了不同化学当量比(0.5～1.5)、初始压力(0.05～0.40 MPa)、稀释气体种类(N2,CO2及H2O)和稀释摩尔比(0～0.35)对甲烷-空气-稀释气混合气层...