薄层液膜毛细对流换热问题初探

本文讨论了水平流道上薄层液膜的热毛细对流换热问题;在列维奇的热毛细对流模型基础上,考虑了液膜厚度方向的温度梯度;分析了线性流动模型和回流流动模型。采用有限差分法对薄膜内的流动特性和通过液膜热量传递的强弱进行了定量分析,预测了液膜流动与换热强弱之间的依赖关系,求得了无量纲数M(=Re·Pr)与毕渥数B_i和壁面温度梯度之间的变化关系。通过对无水乙醇进行的实验测定,测得了液膜表面流动速度与液膜温度梯度之间的关系。实验结果与数值预测基本一致,偏差值约20%。     

用 x 射线衍射方法测定金属晶体结构

本文阐述用 x 射线衍射测定晶体结构的原理、方法和步骤.给出了铜的晶格常数的测定结果.实验表明;用 x 射线衍射方法测定晶体结构简便可靠.     

生物组织非线性声参量 B/A 的热力学测量法

本文运用热力学方法,提出了改进生物组织非线性声参量 B/A 测量的一种方法.结果表明,此方法简便,测量精度高.     

二维绘图软件的二次开发

本文通过对ZD-3100H微机上二维绘图软件FX-PIX的二次开发,介绍了软件二次开发的思想和技巧,从“鼠标点菜”出发,运用“模拟接口”技术为软件增加了自动构图功能,这一方法已成功地应用在印花布图案计算机辅助设计系统中。     

回弹法测强曲线的逆向回归模型

研究发现采用传统回弹法测强曲线的自变量与因变量的选取存在问题，造成误差较大，且有时不符合工程要求，为此提出了一种测强曲线的逆向回归模型，将原模型中自变量与因变量对换，使试验数据处理更符合回归分析理论，并对220组试验数据分析得出其平均相对误差和相对标准差比传统回归模型明显偏小，从而使回弹法检测混凝土强度的结果更加准确、可靠。     

Wear Debris Analysis： Fundamental Principle of Wear-Graphy

A new wear-graphy technology was developed, which can simultaneously identify the shape and composition of wear debris, for both metals and non-metals. The fundamental principles of the wear-graphy system and its wear-gram system are discussed here. A method was developed to distribute wear debris on a slide uniformly to reduce overlapping of wear debris while smearing. The composition identification analyzes the wear debris using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) energy spectrum, infrared-thermal imaging and X-ray imaging technology. A wear debris analysis system based on database techniques is demonstrated, and a visible digitized wear-gram is acquired based on the information of wear debris with image collection and processing of the wear debris. The method gives the morphological characteristics of the wear debris, material composition identification of the wear debris, intelligent recognition of the wear debris,and storage and management of wear debris information.     

A preliminary report on the newly found Tianyuan Cave, a Late Pleistocene human fossil site near Zhoukoudian

The Tianyuan Cave is the only human fossil-bearing site containing rich mammalian fossils found in the last decades near Zhoukoudian. Up to now more than 34 specimens of the human body have been recovered, and the mammalian fossils can be put into 29 species. Cervids dominate the fauna, and carnivores are very rare. Based on the primary examination, the human fossils can be attributed to the species Homo sapiens. All the mammalian fossils, except one between tooth of Crocuta belong to the species that still exist today. But some of them are the first records in fossil form north of the Yellow River, such as Arctonyx and Capricornis. Based on the mammalian fauna study, it seems that the Tianyuan Cave can be correlated with the Upper Cave.Sixty-three percent of the species of the mammalian fauna from the Tianyuan Cave are also present in the Upper Cave.The characters of the deposits also share some similarities between the Tianyuan Cave and the Upper Cave; both of them are mainly composed of breccia without cement. The dating using the U-series method on deer tooth samples indicates that the geological age of the new site is around 25 thousand years B.P. This is the first discovery of human sites outside the core area of the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian,which throws new light onto this world famous site complex.     

一种改进的特征面积和特征能量计算方法及其应用

特征面积、特征能量算法是时域分析方法中识别信号局部突变的有效手段 ,但传统算法在用于含有低频或直流干扰信号的场合时具有局限性。分析了无缝钢管在线漏磁检测原理 ,对钢管缺陷识别技术中的特征面积、特征能量算法进行了改进 ,提出了新的算法。结果表明 ,利用改进后的算法对有缺陷区域的特征面积、特征能量进行计算的结果与无缺陷区域的计算结果差别明显 ,二者之比有大幅度提高。有外伤与无伤特征面积之比值大于 2 8,特征能量之比值大于 90 0 ,有内伤与无伤特征面积之比值大于 10 ,特征能量之比值大于 90。以此特征面积和特征能量作为特征量识别钢管缺陷及判断内、外伤的类型 ,效果良好。该方法容易实现 ,适于生产过程中进行实时监测     

关于多重完全多部图的图设计

Hoffman在1998年解决了关于多重完全图的四顶点连通图的图设计问题。本文对其结果作了推广,给出了多重完全多部图的由三角形附带一条边所构成的简单图的图设计存在的充分和必要条件。     

多水源供水管网水力计算方法研究

采用有限元法分析供水管网的数学模型 ,建立了管网整体矩阵 ,引入节点水压边界条件 ,并求解管网水力平衡方程 ,得出各项水力要素 .编写了通用电算程序 ,可快捷准确地进行水力计算