改革实验教学模式 培养学生实践创新能力

高等教育必须培养具有发现问题、思考问题、解决问题能力的各类专业人才,才能适应21世纪对人才的需求。因此,人才的培养模式发生了深刻的变化,其更加注重素质教育,特别是对学生创新精神和实践能力的培养。中国石油大学石油工程学院研究现有教学模式,发现可以从教学模式入手,通过对教学模式的改革,达到培养学生实践创新能力,提高实验教学质量的目的。     

2,3,5-三甲基氢醌、对苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸类聚芳酯液晶的研究

本文合成了一类以2,3,5-三甲基氢醌(TMHQ)、对苯二甲酸(TPA)、2,6-萘二甲酸(2,6-NDA)为基本共聚单体并加有少量聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)的芳香共聚酯;研究了共聚酯的组成对溶解度、热性质、液晶性质、流变性质及晶体结构的影响。实验表明,共聚酯在某个温度范围内呈现向列型液晶的特征,其熔体粘度的切变依赖特性也证实了这一点。DSC 热谱和广角 X-射线衍射图分析证明,对某些组成,在共聚酯的分子链中存在着相应于 TMHQ-TPA 和 TMHQ-2,6-NDA 两种短嵌段结构。这是与非均相缩聚条件有关的。     

Advanced Credit-Assignment CMAC Algorithm for Robust Self-Learning and Self-Maintenance Machine

Smart machine necessitates self-learning capabilities to assess its own performance and predict its behavior. To achieve self-maintenance intelligence, robust and fast learning algorithms need to be embedded in machine for real-time decision. This paper presents a credit-assignment cerebellar model articulation controller (CA-CMAC) algorithm to reduce learning interference in machine learning. The developed algorithms on credit matrix and the credit correlation matrix are presented. The error of the training sample distributed to the activated memory cell is proportional to the cell‘s credibility, which is determined by its activated times. The convergence processes of CA-CMAC in cyclic learning are further analyzed with two convergence theorems. In addition, simulation results on the inverse kinematics of 2degree-of-freedom planar robot arm are used to prove the convergence theorems and show that CA-CMAC converges faster than conventional machine learning.     

Structural basis for signal transduction by the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the interleukin-1 receptor superfamily (IL-1Rs) are integral to both innate and adaptive immunity for host defence. These receptors share a conserved cytoplasmic domain, known as the TIR domain. A single-point mutation in the TIR domain of murine TLR4 (Pro712His, the Lps(d) mutation) abolishes the host immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and mutation of the equivalent residue in TLR2, Pro681His, disrupts signal transduction in response to stimulation by yeast and gram-positive bacteria. Here we report the crystal structures of the TIR domains of human TLR1 and TLR2 and of the Pro681His mutant of TLR2. The structures have a large conserved surface patch that also contains the site of the Lps(d) mutation. Mutagenesis and functional studies confirm that residues in this surface patch are crucial for receptor signalling. The Lps(d) mutation does not disturb the structure of the TIR domain itself. Instead, structural and functional studies indicate that the conserved surface patch may mediate interactions with the down-stream MyD88 adapter molecule, and that the Lps(d) mutation may abolish receptor signalling by disrupting this recruitment.     

长白山区重要山果的营养成分

对长白山区产的山葡萄等十多种重要山果的蛋白质、糖、有机酸、氨基酸、维生素等进行了研究。本结果对山果的加工与综合利用有重要意义。     

The Geographic Information Grid System Based on Mobile Agent

We analyze the deficiencies of current application systems, and discuss the key requirements of distributed Geographie Information serviee （GIS）, We construct the distributed GIS on grid platform. Considering the flexibility and efficiency, we integrate the mobile agent technology into the system. We propose a new prototype system, the Geographic Information Grid System （GIGS） based on mobile agent. This system has flexible services and high performance, and improves the sharing of distributed resources. The service strategy of the system and the examples are also presented.     

虚拟植物的建模方法

介绍了虚拟植物及其研究意义;着重讨论了虚拟植物生长模型及建模方法,对不同的建模方法的特点进行了比较分析,总结了不同的建模方法的优缺点及其适用范围;探讨了该领域研究中存在的主要问题,并对虚拟植物建模方法的未来发展趋向及其前景进行了展望。     

非齐次障碍问题很弱解的局部正则性

研究了二阶非齐次椭圆方程的障碍问题,给出其很弱解的定义,并利用Hodge分解等工具得到障碍问题很弱解的局部正则性结果。     

Orientation of the peptide formation of N-phosphoryl amino acids in solution

The peptide formation of N-phosphoryl amino acids with amino acids proceeds in aqueous solution without any coupling reagents. After being separated in sephadex gel column, the phosphoryl dipeptides were analyzed by the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESIMS/ MS). The result demonstrates that phosphoryl dipeptides were detected in all the reaction systems. It is found that the formation of N-phosphoryl dipeptides is oriented: the N-terminal amino acid residues of the N-phosphoryl dipeptides are from N-phosphoryl amino acids, and the peptide elongation happened at the C-terminal. Only a-dipeptide, no β-dipeptide, is formed in the N-phosphoryl dipeptides, showing that a-carboxylic group is activated selectively by N-phosphorylation. Theoretical calculation shows that the peptide formation of N-phosphoryl amino acids might happen through a penta-coordinate carboxylic-phosphoric intermediate in solution. These results might give some clues to the study on the origin of proteins and protein biosynthesis.     

PBL教学法在《经典文献阅读》教学中的应用研究

专业文献检索、阅读是理工科研究生应掌握的一项基本技能.为更好地提高研究生学员的自主学习能力和综合素质,在《经典文献阅读》课程文献检索部分教学中,运用了PBL教学法精心设计课程,提出文献检索部分教学应用的3个要点和10个重点,并结合学员各自的科研课题的需要,使其分析问题和解决问题的能力同步提高,取得了良好的教学效果.