冷热交替治疗对肿瘤微循环的损伤及机理研究

肿瘤微循环对肿瘤生长和转移至关重要. 冷热交替治疗已被证实优于以往的单一冷疗或热疗, 其对于肿瘤微循环的损伤程度及机理是肿瘤成功治疗的关键, 但目前该方向的研究甚少. 利用裸鼠脊背皮翼肿瘤视窗模型结合激光共聚焦显微镜技术综合比较了单冷、单热及冷热交替对肿瘤微循环的损伤程度, 并建立了分析肿瘤血管在热物理作用下受力的理论模型, 通过数值计算获得了冷热交替治疗过程中肿瘤微循环血管壁的受力大小. 研究结果发现, 冷热交替造成了肿瘤微循环尤其是肿瘤中央成熟血管严重的结构性损伤. 冷热交替过程中, 血管壁先后受到迅速变化的方向相反的热应力, 有可能在血管壁形成微小裂纹. 随后加热造成的血流快速再灌注对血管壁的作用力存在应力集中现象, 推测血液流动对肿瘤血管壁的快速冲击力很可能是造成血管壁破裂的关键因素, 初步揭示了冷热交替治疗过程中肿瘤血管发生严重损伤的机理.     

大气降水中低分子有机酸的季节变化及对酸雨形成的贡献(以贵阳市和尚重镇为例)

低分子有机酸是大气中普遍存在的一种化学成分, 对酸雨的形成有重要的贡献. 西南地区是酸雨污染重灾区, 2006年4月到2007年4月用离子色谱法测定了贵阳市和尚重镇大气降水中的7种低分子有机酸. 实验结果表明: 两地大气降水中, 甲酸、乙酸和草酸是最主要的有机酸, 贵阳市其雨量加权平均值分别为14.24, 9.35和2.79 μmol/L, 而尚重镇则分别为4.95, 1.35和2.31 μmol/L. 尚重镇大气降水中低分子有机酸生长季节浓度高于非生长季节浓度, 说明植物或土壤的释放可能是尚重镇大气有机酸的主要来源; 与之相反, 贵阳市大气降水中有机酸非生长季节浓度高于生长季节浓度, 可能与该地区冬季降水次数少, 每次雨量小以及降水同时易伴随颗粒物沉降有关. 贵阳市有机酸对自由酸贡献分别为: 甲酸?7.9%, 乙酸?4.7%, 草酸?6.1%, 3种主要有机酸贡献了18.7%的自由酸; 尚重镇分别为: 甲酸?25.1%, 乙酸?7.5%, 草酸?25.5%, 有机酸对自由酸贡献为58.1%. 贵阳市降水中有机酸根占阴离子总和的1.7%~19.2%, 平均值为6.6%. 尚重镇降水中有机酸根对总阴离子的贡献为0.5%~92.2%, 平均贡献为13.2%. 由此可见, 低分子有机酸, 尤其是边远地区, 对大气降水酸化的影响不可忽视.     

建筑用铝合金的疲劳性能试验

作为一种建筑金属材料,铝合金对应力集中和裂纹比较敏感。经过固熔热处理、人工时效、挤压成型等处理后,铝合金构件的疲劳强度相对较低,抗疲劳能力差。为研究6061-T 6和6005-T 5两种典型的铝合金材料的疲劳性能,通过常规试验方法分别对这两组铝合金光滑板试件进行了轴向拉伸疲劳试验。在循环次数为104~2×106时测定了两种材料的S-N曲线。试验结果发现:铝合金的疲劳强度大致与抗拉强度成正比,抗拉强度高的疲劳强度也高。     

姜酚类化合物的稳定性及其抗氧化性能研究3

以生姜为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取姜酚类化合物.在强酸性条件下姜酚类化合物脱水成姜烯酚后,与甘氨酸加成生成姜烯酚一甘氨酸复合物以增强姜酚类化合物的稳定性.用紫外分光光度法和差分脉冲伏安法对姜烯酚-甘氨酸进行研究.结果表明:紫外分光光度法测定姜烯酚-甘氨酸,最大特征吸收峰在230、280 nm处.吸光度比值为1.776;差分脉冲伏安法测定姜烯酚-甘氨酸,以玻碳电极为工作电极,在pH=2～8的范围内,姜烯酚-甘氨酸的电化学活性随着pH的降低而减弱;姜烯酚-甘氨酸对N,N-二苯基N'-苦味基肼基自由基(DPPH·自由基)具有良好的清除作用,其对DPPH·自由基的清除率随计量的增加而增加,当加入量为0.125 mg时,其清除率为81.8%.研究发现,姜烯酚-甘氨酸对DPPH·自由基的清除能力高于甘氨酸.     

同伦近似对称法：六阶Boussinesq方程的同伦级数解

提出了用以处理非线性问题的同伦近似对称法,并利用该方法研究流体动力学中的六阶Boussinesq方程.各阶相似约化解和各阶相似约化方程均可以写出通式,从而导出相应的同伦级数解.零阶相似约化方程等价于Painlevé IV型方程或Weierstrass椭圆方程,高阶相似解可以通过解线性变系数常微分方程得到.辅助参数具有调节同伦级数解的收敛性的作用.由近似对称法得到的级数解和各阶相似约化方程均能够由同伦近似对称法重新得到.     

Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K+ channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution.

Ion transport proteins must remove an ion's hydration shell to coordinate the ion selectively on the basis of its size and charge. To discover how the K+ channel solves this fundamental aspect of ion conduction, we solved the structure of the KcsA K+ channel in complex with a monoclonal Fab antibody fragment at 2.0 A resolution. Here we show how the K+ channel displaces water molecules around an ion at its extracellular entryway, and how it holds a K+ ion in a square antiprism of water molecules in a cavity near its intracellular entryway. Carbonyl oxygen atoms within the selectivity filter form a very similar square antiprism around each K+ binding site, as if to mimic the waters of hydration. The selectivity filter changes its ion coordination structure in low K+ solutions. This structural change is crucial to the operation of the selectivity filter in the cellular context, where the K+ ion concentration near the selectivity filter varies in response to channel gating.     

Zr(0001)-(2×2)-O表面结构的分析

LEED强度的多重散射分析,进一步确定Zr与氧作用在低覆盖量下(<1ML),形成(2×2)-O结构,是氧吸附后进入Zr表面原子层下,占据八面体空位,形成有两层氧的under layer结构,Zr表面原子层有Fcc重构。分析得到的Zt-O键距为0.232nm,而Zr-Zr间距增大为0.268nm,比原来的距离增大约4.3％,这是由于氧插入的结果。     

Dissociated cell suspensions ofCarcinus maenas Y-organs as a tool to study ecdysteroid production and its regulation

In vitro ecdysteroid production by dissociated Y-organ cells of the shore crabCarcinus maenas was characterized during short-term incubations. Under optimized conditions (M199 adjusted to crab osmolality and with the addition of 10% foetal calf serum), ecdysteroid production by dispersed cells increased linearly during 4-hour incubations, with little intra-assay variation. 25-deoxyecdysone was mainly produced. PurifiedCarcinus molt inhbiting hormone (CamMIH) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ecdysteroid production by dispersed cells. The cells were about 50 times more sensitive than whole glands to MIH. Other structurally-related peptides were tested.     

A morphometric study of spermatogenesis in the testes of mice of a senescence accelerated strain

The morphometric parameters of spermatogenic cells in a mouse strain prone to accelerated senescence (SAM-P), a novel murine model of spontaneously promoted aging, were compared with those of a SAM resistant strain (SAM-R) after birth until 40 weeks (mean life span of SAM-P). A mixture of gonocytes and spermatogonia were present in the testis in 1-week-old mice, and no gonocytes were observed in 2-week-old mice. At 6 weeks of age, the absolute number of spermatogonia in SAM-P was 27% greater than that in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in 40-week-old SAM-P was 17% less than in SAM-R. Primary spermatocytes were first observed in 3-week-old animals, and the cell numbers in SAM-P at 3, 5 and 6 weeks were 78%, 31% and 25%, respectively, greater than in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in SAM-P at 40 weeks was 30% less than SAM-R. Round spermatids were first observed in all SAM-P at 4 weeks old, but 20% of SAM-r had no spermatids and the rest had only a few. At 5 and 6 weeks old, the absolute numbers of round spermatids in SAM-P was about 34% and 41%, respectively, greater than in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in 40-week-old SAM-P was about 34% less than SAM-R. These results indicate that testicular maturation begins at an earlier age in SAM-P than SAM-R. Furthermore, at the age of 40 weeks signs of testicular deterioration are evident in SAM-P mice only