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181.
R Emanoil-Ravicovitch J Robert M Canivet L D'Auriol J Périès 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1978,286(17):1277-1280
Murine type C viral information is detectable in the cellular genome of both differentiated and undifferentiated cell lines derived from 129 Mouse teratocarcinoma. Cytoplasmic RNA expression which is negligible in differentiated cells, is significantly higher in multipotential undifferentiated cells. Furthermore it was observed that in vitro differentiation of multipotent cells leads to a decrease of this expression. 相似文献
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The character and OTU stability of classifications based on UPGMA clustering and maximum parsimony (MP) trees were compared
for 5 datasets (families of angiosperms, families of orthopteroid insects, species of the fish genusIctalurus, genera of the salamander family Salamandridae, and genera of the frog family Myobatrachidae). Stability was investigated
by taking different sized random subsamples of OTUs or characters, computing UPGMA clusters and an MP tree, and then comparing
the resulting trees with those based on the entire dataset. Agreement was measured by two consensus indices, that of Colless,
computed from strict consensus trees, and Stinebrickner's 0.5-consensus index.
Tests of character stability generally showed a monotone decrease in agreement with the standard as smaller sets of characters
are considered. The relative success of the two methods depended upon the dataset. Tests of OTU stability showed a monotone
decrease in agreement for UPGMA as smaller sets of OTUs are considered. But for MP, agreement decreased and then increased
again on the same scale. The apparent superiority of UPGMA relative to MP with respect to OTU stability depended upon the
dataset. Considerations other than stability, such as computer efficiency or accuracy, will also determine the method of choice
for classifications. 相似文献
185.
General systems formalizations of expert knowledge play a foundational role in the process of knowledge engineering of intelligent systems. Canonical definitions of systems (knowledge structures) which have been arrived at by a crossdisciplinary inductive modeling process are shown to be the basis for the modeling of certain generic categories of expert reasoning processes which are of current interest in knowledge engineering. The methodology for transforming the representation of knowledge expressed in general systems formalizations to the representation of that knowledge in expert systems is also developed. In particular, transformations from general systems formalizations into frames are presented. 相似文献
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Robert Mason 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1982,38(9):1029-1029
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