三峡库区鱼体组织残毒分析

对三峡库区大坝修建前三峡库区江段中、下层鱼体肌肉和肠组织残毒进行了研究.通过分析22种75个样品，发现鱼样肠组织重金属和挥发酚含量均大于肌肉组织，其中库区江段鱼体残毒负荷比（RPCR）中，肌肉内六价铬（25.8%）、砷（18.4%）、挥发酚（17.2%）和铅（15.2%）的贡献较大；在肠组织内，六价铬（23.5%）、砷（19%）、铅（16.5%）、挥发酚（14.9%）和镉（11.1%）是主要污染物.根据鱼体残毒污染程度分级，库区江段鱼体受到轻污染，未超过相关食品卫生标准；库区江段鱼体残毒的主要污染因子是六价铬、砷、铅、挥发酚和镉.大坝的建成必然会改变水文学条件，导致某些重金属和挥发酚在鱼体内残留增加，可能会超过食品卫生标准，危及生态系统安全和人体健康.     

A local positive feedback of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system on interdecadal timescales

SINCE THE 1990S, THE CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON INTERDE- CADAL TIME SCALES BECAME THE FOCUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATOLOGY RESEARCH MISSIONS[1―3]. ON TIME SCALES OF A DECADE OR MORE, THE OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDOMINATEDHEAT BALANCE AND HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, S…     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psll in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice psl1 （presenescing leaf） mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of ^60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the biggest length, while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25--35 d. In this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene （psl1） located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nipponbare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped between two STS markers, STS2-19 and STS2-26, with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM, respectively, while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus, the region being delimited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

溶剂对二(2-苯基-8-羟基喹啉)锌的荧光性质的影响

研究了几种溶剂对二(2-苯基-8-羟基-喹啉)锌荧光性质的影响．对二(2-苯基-8-羟基-喹啉)锌在不同溶剂中的激发光谱和发射光谱的研究表明：在不同溶剂中二(2-苯基-8-羟基-喹啉)锌的荧光性质不同．     

壬基酚对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)巨噬细胞的免疫毒性

从鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)头肾中分离巨噬细胞，体外暴露雌二醇和壬基酚后，用MTT法测定它们对鲫鱼巨噬细胞增殖的影响，用化学发光法测定它们对鲫鱼巨噬细胞呼吸爆发的影响，评价壬基酚的免疫毒性，并与天然激素雌二醇的免疫效应相比较．结果表明，雌二醇对鲫鱼巨噬细胞的增殖有明显的诱导作用，壬基酚对鲫鱼巨噬细胞增殖在低浓度表现为诱导作用，高浓度表现为抑制作用．雌二醇、壬基酚对鲫鱼巨噬细胞呼吸爆发有明显的诱导作用．研究结果表明壬基酚对鲫鱼具有潜在的免疫毒性．与天然激素雌二醇的免疫作用效应比较，进一步证明了壬基酚的弱雌激素活性．     

Numerical tests of efficiency of the retrospective time integration scheme in the self-memory model

A set of numerical tests was carried out to compare the retrospective time integral scheme in a self-memory model,whose dynamic kernel is the barotropical quasi-geostrophic model, with the ordinary centered difference scheme in the barotropical quasigeostrophic model. The Rossby-Haurwitz wave function was taken as the initial fields for both schemes. The results show that in comparison with the ordinary centered difference scheme, the retrospective time integral scheme reduces by 2 orders of magnitude the forecast error, and the forecast error increases very little with lengthening of the time-step. Therefore, the retrospective time integral scheme has advantages of improving the forecast accuracy, extending the predictable duration and reducing the computation amount.     

微纳马达在生物医疗领域中的应用

 作为微纳尺度的动力装置,微纳马达具有体积小、质量轻和驱动力大等优点,在传感检测、微纳加工和环境治理等方面表现出突出的优势,特别是在生物医疗领域具有巨大应用前景。本文阐述了生物医用微纳马达的制备及驱动控制方法,总结了微纳马达在药物靶向运输、细胞识别捕捉、纳米手术、吸附毒素及溶解血栓等生物医疗领域中的应用,并讨论了其在生物医疗领域面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

猪血中抗菌肽类物质的分离纯化和抗菌活性研究

利用酶解、脱色等技术,从新鲜猪血中分离提取抗菌肽,再经SephadexG-100凝胶层析纯化,收集各组分并检测其抗菌活性。采用琼脂糖弥散法检测猪血抗菌肽对大肠杆菌O88、金黄色葡萄球菌ACTT25923株、绿脓杆菌ACTT27853株、鸡巴氏杆菌、鸡致病性沙门氏菌自然分离株等5种细菌的作用;同时,采用扫描电镜观察了猪血抗菌肽与上述金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌共同培养20min后细菌形态结构的改变。结果表明,猪血抗菌肽对以上各种细菌均有不同程度的抑杀作用;扫描电镜观察发现,经抗菌肽作用20min后,这两种细菌的形态结构均发生了明显的改变,表现为细菌干瘪、皱缩、表面粗糙不平、分裂繁殖停止。这表明猪血抗菌肽不仅对供试细菌的形态结构有明显的损伤作用,同时还影响细菌的生长繁殖。     

群上亚同态的一个必要条件及由此引出的一些性质

给出了群上亚同态的一个必要条件,又由这一必要条件给出了群上亚同态的一些性质.     

改性油页岩渣-粉煤灰二元复掺的水化特征

中国油页岩储量大,化学成分中硅铝含量虽然极高但火山灰活性却很低,作为掺合料替代水泥掺量局限于20%以下。为提高油页岩渣活性和掺量,以600℃煅烧2 h为活化基础,辅以高钙粉煤灰提供水硬性,复合掺量设置为30%,结合X射线衍射(X-rays diffraction, XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、能谱仪(energy dispersive spectrometer, EDS)与傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR)的检测手段,探究复掺体系水化过程中水化产物的种类、形貌以及硅铝比。结果表明,改性油页岩渣活性源于脱油、脱水、脱羟基增大比表面积以及破坏油页岩渣中高岭土晶体从而产生的无定形铝硅酸盐物质;7 d活性指数达到97.4%,28 d活性指数达到85.8%;水化过程中改性油页岩渣先参与二次水化反应,Ca(OH)₂充足的前提下粉煤灰接着发生三次水化反应,若Ca(OH)₂不充足,粉煤灰以内核的角色参与二次水化反应;...