交通对西藏旅游的影响及发展对策研究

旅游作为西藏的主导产业,其发展对西藏经济建设有着至关重要的作用.交通是社会经济发展的基础,也是西藏旅游行业发展的先决条件.发展交通运输促进旅游业的发展是一个值得研究的现实问题.目前多数研究都是从定性的角度来讨论交通对旅游业的显著影响.文章利用SPSS18.0分析了西藏交通运输客货运量与旅客人数和旅客收入的相关数据,从而定量分析得出西藏各交通运输方式对旅游业发展的影响,提出了西藏交通的发展对策.     

金黄色葡萄球菌VBNC状态的诱导条件和EMA-qPCR检测

为建立金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)活的非可培养(VBNC)状态的诱导条件模型,考察了温度、盐度和酸度3个因素对金黄色葡萄球菌细菌可培养数的影响,通过正交试验优化得到了VBNC状态的诱导条件,同时观察细菌可培养数的变化,建立了DNA结合染料叠氮溴乙锭(EMA)与qPCR技术相结合检测VBNC金黄色葡萄球菌的方法.实验结果表明:细菌可培养数受酸度的影响最大,VBNC状态的最佳诱导条件为菌液在含15%NaCl和0.3%乙酸的营养肉汤培养基中于4℃下培养12 d;通过正交试验诱导后的不可培养菌可由EMA-qPCR方法有效检出,其与qPCR法的Ct值(荧光信号达到设定的阈值所经历的循环数)之差在1.29～8.56之间变化.     

平行板电极喷射电沉积中枝晶分形生长的研究

将分形几何与电化学原理相结合,通过改进的有限扩散凝聚模型(Diffusion-Limited Aggregation,DLA),采用基于Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0编程对平行板电极为阴极进行二维电沉积时沉积产物的形貌进行了模拟。以平行板金属镍为阳极,石墨板为阴极,用自行设计的试验设备,采用平行板电极喷射电沉积的方法,制备了二维的金属镍枝晶以验证模拟结果,结果表明,镍沉积层的形貌特征为具有分形结构的枝晶,这与采用DLA模型模拟所得的平行板电极二维枝晶形貌具有相似性,表明该模型对平行板电极电沉积的试验研究具有很好的指导意义。     

基于约束满足方法求解热轧带钢库存匹配问题

针对现代钢铁企业生产管理中的客户订单与热轧带钢库存产品的匹配问题,在考虑规格、质量、等级以及生产工艺约束的基础上,建立了旨在最大化订单满足率且最小化匹配损失的约束满足模型.在对问题以及匹配对象特点进行分析的基础上,引入匹配损失矩阵作为订单与库存余材属性匹配差异的损失惩罚,考虑到问题的复杂性,采用基于变量选择和值选择的启发式算法求解模型的近优解,并通过数值实验对提出的算法进行了验证.     

Editor’s note

The past two decades have witnessed great progress in development of ultrashort laser pulse in laser science, often at an unexpected speed. It has found various applications, both theoretical and practical, in the frontiers of science.     

Experimental study on spectral responses of offshore oil slick

Using the seawater taken from Liaodong Bay and crude oil taken from Liaohe Oilfield, a laboratory experiment was designed to study the change of reflectance spectrum of artificial offshore oil slick with its thickness and to identify the spectrum ranges suitable for quantifying the thickness of the oil slick. During the experiment, crude oil was continuously dropped into the seawater to generate artificial oil slick with different thicknesses. After every drop of crude oil was added, reflectance spectrum of the oil slick was measured with a high resolution spectroradiometer （ASD FieldSpec Pro FR）. The influence of oil slick thickness on its reflectance spectrum was explored through statistical analysis. The results show that the reflectance of oil slick changes marginally with oil slick thickness and higher than that of seawater in infrared band from 1150 to 2500 nm. This spectrum range can be practically used to distinguish oil slick from seawater. In the spectrum range from 400 to 1150 nm, the reflectance of oil slick decreases with its thickness. The negative power function is the best-fit function expressing the relationship between the reflectance and thickness. The spectral characteristics of oil slick are very distinct at 550 and 645 nm. They are the best wavelengths for monitoring the existence of offshore oil slick and estimating its thickness.     

Construction of AFLP-based genetic linkage maps for the Chinese shrimp Fenneropaeneus chinensis

Fenneropaeneus chinensis is an important species in marine fishery resources and aquaculture in China. A genetic linkage map is essential for improving the efficiency of its breeding by marker-assisted selection and identifying commercially important genes. Linkage maps of F. chinensis were constructed with an F2 mapping population （110 progenies） using amplified fragment length polymorphic （AFLP） marker in this study. Fifty-five AFLP primer combinations produced 532 AFLP markers fitting for map strategy in mapping family. The markers with 3：1 segregating ratios were analyzed using F2 intercross model for the common linkage map, while the markers with 1：1 ratio were analyzed using the pseudo-testcross strategy. The maps of male, female and common were constructed. The female map included 103 markers that formed 28 linkage groups, covering a total length of 1090 cM. All markers were linked with the linkage groups. Segregation distortion was observed for 6 of 103 markers in the female map. The average distance between markers was 14.53 cM and ranged from 4.4 to 24.8 cM. The male map included 144 markers that formed 35 linkage groups. Ten markers remained unlinked in male map. Segregation distortion was observed for 7 of 144 markers in the male map. The total distance of male map covered 1617 cM. The average distance between markers was 16.36 cM. The male map was 32.6% longer than the female map, which may reflect sex-specific recombination rates in Chinese shrimp. The common map was composed of 216 markers, including in 44 linkage groups covering a total distance of 1772.1 cM. Two markers remained unlinked. No distorted markers of 216 markers were shown in the common map. The distance between markers was 10.42 cM. An average estimated genome size for the Chinese shrimp was 2420 cM, which was consistent with the relative size of the Penaeid genome. The distribution of AFLP markers was relatively even in chromosomes of Chinese shrimp maps. The linkage analysis presented in this work provided some insight     

重金属汞对植物生理活动的影响和钙离子的拮抗作用

汞对植物各方面的生理活动均有严重影响。植物吸收的汞大都积累在根部,这是由于汞与植物根部蛋白质相结合的结果。汞也可诱发生物的染色体突变。富集在作物体内的汞进而通过食物链危害人体。人类的轻度汞中毒可通过摄入含钙食品来缓解。探讨了汞对植物体细胞和生殖细胞的影响,并研究了钙离子对植物汞伤害的缓解作用。发现汞对植物体细胞和生殖细胞均有严重影响,钙离子对植物叶细胞和生殖细胞的汞伤害均有较高程度的拮抗作用,但对根细胞的汞伤害没有明显的缓解作用。     

GSM网络无线话务调整方法

在网络优化中,经常会遇到这样的问题:由于用户分布不平衡,实际用户发展与前期规划存在一定偏差,造成话务分布不均衡,忙小区信道资源紧张,而闲小区信道资源过剩。这就需要我们在网络优化中采用各种方法来均衡小区话务,使网络资源得到充分的利用,获得最佳经济效益。NOK IA系统提供了一套丰富的方法来均衡话务。文章将主要从硬件调整和参数调整两个方面谈谈如何调整小区话务。     

浅谈后进生转化工作

后进生是指那些思想品德和学习成绩上比较落后的学生。在大力提倡素质教育的今天,后进生的存在仍然是一种较为普遍的现象。虽然他们的程度不同,但是依然给教育教学工作带来了很大的困难。笔者以所带班级为研究对象,在深入分析后进生形成原因的基础上,提出了"家庭、社会、学校"相结合的教育网络,重点阐述了在该体系架构下,为促进了后进生转化工作的实现,班主任所需担负的职责。