Maize HapMap2 identifies extant variation from a genome in flux

Whereas breeders have exploited diversity in maize for yield improvements, there has been limited progress in using beneficial alleles in undomesticated varieties. Characterizing standing variation in this complex genome has been challenging, with only a small fraction of it described to date. Using a population genetics scoring model, we identified 55 million SNPs in 103 lines across pre-domestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties, including a representative from the sister genus Tripsacum. We find that structural variations are pervasive in the Z. mays genome and are enriched at loci associated with important traits. By investigating the drivers of genome size variation, we find that the larger Tripsacum genome can be explained by transposable element abundance rather than an allopolyploid origin. In contrast, intraspecies genome size variation seems to be controlled by chromosomal knob content. There is tremendous overlap in key gene content in maize and Tripsacum, suggesting that adaptations from Tripsacum (for example, perennialism and frost and drought tolerance) can likely be integrated into maize.     

A genetic interaction network of five genes for human polycystic kidney and liver diseases defines polycystin-1 as the central determinant of cyst formation

Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease results from mutations in PRKCSH or SEC63. The respective gene products, glucosidase IIβ and SEC63p, function in protein translocation and quality control pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that glucosidase IIβ and Sec63p are required in mice for adequate expression of a functional complex of the polycystic kidney disease gene products, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. We find that polycystin-1 is the rate-limiting component of this complex and that there is a dose-response relationship between cystic dilation and levels of functional polycystin-1 following mutation of Prkcsh or Sec63. Reduced expression of polycystin-1 also serves to sensitize the kidney to cyst formation resulting from mutations in Pkhd1, the recessive polycystic kidney disease gene. Finally, we show that proteasome inhibition increases steady-state levels of polycystin-1 in cells lacking glucosidase IIβ and that treatment with a proteasome inhibitor reduces cystic disease in orthologous gene models of human autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease.     

Genome-wide association study of leaf architecture in the maize nested association mapping population

US maize yield has increased eight-fold in the past 80 years, with half of the gain attributed to selection by breeders. During this time, changes in maize leaf angle and size have altered plant architecture, allowing more efficient light capture as planting density has increased. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the maize nested association mapping panel, we determined the genetic basis of important leaf architecture traits and identified some of the key genes. Overall, we demonstrate that the genetic architecture of the leaf traits is dominated by small effects, with little epistasis, environmental interaction or pleiotropy. In particular, GWAS results show that variations at the liguleless genes have contributed to more upright leaves. These results demonstrate that the use of GWAS with specially designed mapping populations is effective in uncovering the basis of key agronomic traits.     

基于时间段的时序规则发现

时序规则挖掘用以挖掘数据库中与时间相关的规则及模式.现今大部分时序数据挖掘均是针对基于时间点的,基于时间段的挖掘相对较少.在此提出一个新的基于时间段的时序规则挖掘算法,通过挖掘频繁闭模式集取代完整频繁模式集,减少了挖掘时间,算法效率很高.     

小波降噪方法在电动机故障信号特征提取中的应用

针对油田电动机运行环境恶劣、结构复杂、故障信号中噪声干扰多的特点,采用基于小波变换的降噪方法对电动机故障信号进行特征提取,克服了传统滤波方法的缺陷,为提高电动机故障诊断的精度提供了一个有效工具。同时给出了一个应用实例。     

Effects of maternal aging on localizations and expression levels of DNA methyltransferases and chromosome architecture in in-vivo matured mouse oocytes

This paper investigated the age-related changes in the expression patterns of maintenance methyltransferase (DNMT1) and de novo methyltransferases (DNMT3a, 3b, 3L) and the chromosome architecture in in-vivo matured mouse oocytes using two-photon laser-scanning microscope. Our results showed that (1) DNMT1 and DNMT3a, 3b, 3L in the oocytes of pubertal mice were located in the cortical region of oocyte cytoplasm. In aging groups, DNMT1 was also located in the cortical region. However, DNMT3a, 3b, 3L had a relatively wider distribution in the oocyte cytoplasm and appeared near the chromosomes. These differences between pubertal and aging groups suggested that aging might affect DNA methylation; (2) the expression of DNMT1, and DNMT3a, 3b in aging groups increased significantly compared to pubertal groups, while, the expression of DNMT3L decreased. These results might be explained by the compensation mechanism among DNMTs, which might be impervious to aging; (3) aging caused increased errors in the distribution and three-dimensional morphology of chromosomes, including the increased total volume and surface area, the high ratio of height to diameter of a circular cylinder enclosing the chromosomes (H/D). Our work provided morphological information for the studies of age-related decline in oocyte qualities.     

理工院校图书馆古籍的开发和利用探析

针对理工类院校古籍利用率低的问题进行了深入分析,认为古籍不能被充分利用除了读者对它缺乏认识和了解外,还因为现有的古籍服务不能有效地满足读者需求,提出了提高理工院校图书馆古籍利用率的一般方法和知识链接模式。     

压电马达驱动小型先导节流阀设计研究

提出了小型先导节流阀一种高精度、快响应、可控性好的微调机构,采用压电马达驱动的调节方式,实现了小型先导节流阀的精密控制。对压电马达的驱动特性进行了实验性的分析与研究,为本课题的下一步研究奠定了一定的理论基础。     

舞台调度视频监控 IP 网络化标准体系构建

利用先进的音视频技术、多媒体技术和计算机网络技术,实现基于IP网络的舞台监督与调度集成系统,该系统主要包括内通对讲子系统(包括有线和无线)、视频监控子系统。目前国内外关于IP网络化舞台监督与调度系统的相关规范、标准研究仍是一项空白,为了能够在各大剧院广泛地推广应用,系统的标准化已经成为现阶段亟待解决的问题之一。其中IP网络化的舞台调度视频监控是系统的重要组成部分,主要采用网络视频监控技术。本文结合现阶段的网络视频监控相关的标准,研究了IP网络化舞台调度视频监控系统的标准体系构建。本文的研究为舞台监督与调度集成系统标准规范的制订奠定了理论基础和具有实际指导意义。     

差厚板退火过程的组织演变模拟研究

以CR340差厚板退火过程为研究对象,采用实验和模拟方法对其组织演变进行对比分析.结果表明,运用MATLAB软件开发的模拟再结晶退火CA程序可以用来模拟差厚板退火过程,并验证了该模型的可靠性.