基于马尔可夫随机场的遥感图像分割和描述

讨论了基于马尔可夫随机场的遥感图像分割．根据卫星遥感图像的特点,建立了相应的基于马尔可夫随机场的图像分割模型．由此将图像分割问题转化成图像标记问题, 并进一步转化成求图像的最大后验概率估计的问题． 本文引进了一种基于博弈理论的决定性退火算法, 可以用该算法对图像进行标记, 该算法收敛于局部最大, 在实验中取得了很好的效果．     

Dexamethasone enhances CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation

T cell activation is enhanced by the costimulatory interaction of B7 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on T cells, resulting in long-term T cell proliferation, differentiation and production of large amounts of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2. CTLA-4 is a co-stimulation receptor that shares 31% homology with CD28 and binds B7 family members with higher affinity. CTLA-4 is transiently expressed intracellularly and on the cell surface following activation of T cells. We have studied the kinetics of CTLA-4 expression and the effects of dexamethasone on CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation in cultures of mouse spleen cells stimulated by a mixture of immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3/CD28 mAb) or concanavalin A (ConA). CTLA-4 expression peaked on day 2 and returned to background levels after 7 days. Dexamethasone was found to potentiate CTLA-4 expression in a dose-dependent manner with an EC₅₀ effective concentration 50%) of about 10⁻⁸ M. In contrast, other immunosuppressive agents, such as rapamycin or cyclosporin A had no or an inhibitory effect on CTLA-4 expression, respectively. Dexamethasone also stimulated CD28 expression, but inhibited IL-2R expression during anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced mouse splenic T cell activation. Western blot analyses of lysates of activated mouse T cells showed that dexamethasone increased CTLA-4 protein levels twofold during anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced activation. Dexamethasone also enhanced CTLA-4 messenger RNA twofold as quantified by ribonuclease protection assay. The effects of dexamethasone on CTLA-4 expression were glucocorticoid-specific and completely inhibited by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486), indicating that the effect of dexamethasone on CTLA-4 expression is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, the immunosuppressive agent dexamethasone actually stimulates CTLA-4 expression, which is involved in downregulation of T cell activation. Received 19 May 1999; received after revision 13 July 1999; accepted 13 July 1999     

Banach空间中Volterra型非线性积分方程的最大最小解

利用Schauder不动点定理，研究了Banach空间中Volterra型非线性积分方程的最大解和最小解的存在性．     

Effect of actinomycin D on Trypanosoma cruzi

Viable metacyclic forms of T. cruzi, Y strain, treated with an adequate dose of actinomycin D (50 micrograms Act-D/ml/10(7) parasites/ml for 72 h at 28 degrees C) showed the following properties: 1) they lost their ability to replicate in culture medium, in blood and in tissues of normal mice and were no longer able to incorporate tritiated thymidine; 2) they could not penetrate into Vero cells and could not replicate inside normal macrophages; 3) they retained their immunogenicity and the ability to protect mice against a virulent infection; 4) they did not induce histological lesions as described in chronic experimental Chagas' disease.     

认知语言学视角下的新疆少数民族学生汉语介词习得

在新疆诸多少数民族语言中，没有介词这一词类，介词向来是新疆少数民族学生汉语学习中的难点。我们在调查的基础上，从认知语言学的角度探究新疆少数民族学生汉语介词习得问题，以有标记与无标记、总括扫描与次第扫描等概念为切入点，以认知为最终的解释，以期对学生的一些偏误现象做出合理的概括和解释。     

基于资源稀缺视角的房地产制度变迁

我国房地产的迅猛发展为我国经济的发展和人们住房的改善起到了较大的作用。然而,由于房价格上涨过快过高,造成了许多政治和经济问题。尽管国家出台了一系列的调控制度,但是这些制度效率低下,主要原因是这些制度结构不合理,缺乏实施机制。随着经济的不断发展,国内外经济环境的变化,国内其他制度如外汇、对外资开放等制度的改变,房地产制度也应该变迁。在坚持节约原则的前提下,遵循市场经济规律,房地产制度应该做如下变迁:提高个人住房按揭贷款的首付比例到80%或取消贷款、征收房地产物业税、取消预售制度。     

基于线性预测滤波的抗速度欺骗干扰技术

针对调频连续波 (FMCW)雷达 ,提出了采用自适应线性预测滤波预处理实现速度欺骗干扰的检测。与直接对回波进行加速度补偿检测法相比 ,只需进行简单的门限检测即可判断干扰的存在及干扰参数估计 ,无需进行复杂的二维检测处理     

扩散硅压力传感器双桥补偿法

本文提出关于扩散硅压力传感器误差补偿的一种新方法，重点介绍该方法对零点温度漂移、灵敏度温度漂移以及非线性的补偿。     

应变相似常数对软弱夹层地基破坏性模型试验的影响

本文分析了Cε1的破坏性模型试验结果的误差,并指出:这种误差是由原、模型几何不对应所引起的,且在弹塑性小变形的假设下,它为很小的量、若忽略这种误差,无论是在弹性还是塑性状态下,对于本文所研究的对象,Cε=1和Cε1的模型,其应力、位移呈相同换算关系。本文还附有计算和试验实例,计算结果表明上述结论完全成立。     

Long-range colour-generating interactions across the retina

The existence of colour-generating interactions across the corpus callosum has recently been suggested from observations with a 'split-brain' patient, thus indicating long-range colour computations at the cortical level. Observations on induced colours described here suggest long-range colour computations at the retinal level. If a white surface surrounded by a particular colour is fixated for some time, the resulting after-image has two colours: the surround appears in complementary colour, whereas the white centre takes on the colour of the surround. The question of whether such colour induction is located in the retina or more centrally was tested in a brain-injured patient with hemianopia. It could be demonstrated that areas of the visual field that are no longer represented in the geniculo-striatal pathway still contribute to colour induction, suggesting that colour induction is a retinal phenomenon.