科技创新与企业核心竞争力若干问题探讨

针对当前科技自主创新的趋势,及国外政府及企业科技自主创新特点,就我国科技自主创新与企业核心竞争力问题提出了若干思考.     

社会责任与合作治污对企业治污效用影响

结合湖域初始排污权配置背景,从多利益相关者合作角度构建了企业治污效用凸博弈模型,给出基于减排率差异性的CSR-企业治污收益模型、基于治污技术差异性的同行业企业间合作治污的PCTC-企业治污成本分摊模型。进而以太湖流域氨氮初始排污权配置为例,在求解多主体Shapley值的基础上,结合江苏省张家港市10家纺织企业数据进行实证研究。结果表明:CSR同企业减排率之间具有显著拟线性关系与倍增响应关系,对企业收益具有正相关影响;PCTC可有效减少合作企业治污边际成本,对保障合作稳定性、促进多利益主体合作具有积极作用;推广CSR与PCTC有助于提高我国工业企业参与排污权交易积极性,对推进湖域排污权交易机制构建具有重要意义。     

High-performance doping-free carbon-nanotube-based CMOS devices and integrated circuits

Ballistic n-type carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have been fabricated by contacting semiconducting single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) using Sc or Y. The n-type CNT FETs were pushed to their performance limits through further optimizing their gate structure and insulator. The CNT FETs outperformed n-type Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) FETs with the same gate length and displayed better downscaling behavior than the Si MOS FETs. Together with the demonstration of ballistic p-type CNT FETs using Pd contacts, this technological advance is a step toward the doping-free fabrication of CNT-based ballistic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices and integrated circuits. Taking full advantage of the perfectly symmetric band structure of the semiconductor SWCNT, a perfect SWCNT-based CMOS inverter was demonstrated, which had a voltage gain of over 160. Two adjacent n- and p-type FETs fabricated on the same SWCNT with a self-aligned top-gate realized high field mobility simultaneously for electrons (3000 cm² V^?1 s^?1) and holes (3300 cm² V^?1 s^?1). The CNT FETs also had excellent potential for high-frequency applications, such as a high-performance frequency doubler.     

Kinetic study on the reaction between CO2-CO and wustite using the isotope exchange method

To investigate the reaction between CO₂-CO and wustite using the isotope exchange method at 1073, 1173, 1273, and 1373 K, the experiment apparatus was designed to simulate the fluidized bed. The chemical rate constant was estimated by considering the effect of gas phase mass transfer on the reaction. It is found that the chemical rate constant is inversely decreased with the increase in the ratio of CO₂/CO by volume. The activation energy of reaction is in a linear relationship with the ratio of CO₂/CO by volume, and the average activation energy is 155.37 kJ/mol.     

解难题提素质促发展惠农村——记太原市科技局“千人百村千户活动”

从2009年7月开始,太原市科技局组织了1 000名农村科技特派员深入到太原市的100个村、1 000家农户中开展现场农业咨询服务、技术指导、实地培训,让他们享受到了真正的科技实惠……7月31日,太原市科技局对外通报了"千人百村千户活动"的进展情况.     

Testing for the usefulness of forecasts

Ashley (Journal of Forecasting 1983; 2 (3): 211–223) proposes a criterion (known as Ashley's index) to judge whether the external macroeconomic variables are well forecast to serve as explanatory variables in forecasting models, which is crucial for policy makers. In this article, we try to extend Ashley's work by providing three testing procedures, including a ratio‐based test, a difference‐based test, and the Bayesian approach. The Bayesian approach has the advantage of allowing the flexibility of adapting all possible information content within a decision‐making environment such as the change of variable's definition due to the evolving system of national accounts. We demonstrate the proposed methods by applying six macroeconomic forecasts in the Survey of Professional Forecasters. Researchers or practitioners can thus formally test whether the external information is helpful. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于图书馆推进学习型社会建设的思考

阐述了图书馆在促进学习型社会建设中的作用,着重从内外两个方面论述了图书馆在促进学习型社会建设中的具体措施。     

浅谈高校嵌入式实验室的管理

介绍了高校嵌入式实验室的重要性,详细阐述了嵌入式实验室管理的各个环节,包括电脑的管理、服务器的管理、嵌入式实验箱等设备的管理,管理制度的制定四个方面。     

基于计算思维的数据库教学思考与探索

针对数据库教学目前存在的问题和计算思维理论的发展,提出基于计算思维的数据库课程教学措施,通过建立计算思维的全局观,明确各知识点所用到的计算思维方法,面向应用进行讲解和提供真实案例,提高学生的计算思维能力和学习兴趣。     

Irrigation-induced pollution of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in paddy field ecosystem of Liaohe River Plain, China

In order to assess the influence of long-term irrigation of polluted river water on the ecological health of the rice fields in the low reach of Liaohe River Plain,a series of environmental samples and biological samples in rice fields,including sediments,paddy soils,mitten-handed crabs(Eriocheir sinensis),loaches(Misgurnus anguillicaudatu) and frog(Hoplobatrachus tigerinus),were collected from the area far away from industrial zones,and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides(HCH,DDT,HCB and Mirex) were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry(HRGC/HRMS).The comparison of pollutant concentrations and profiles verified that the significant contribution of river water irrigation to PCBs contaminations in paddy soils and the mutual influence of organochlorine pesticide contamination between river sediments and paddy soils.Bioaccumulations of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in mitten-handed crabs and loaches were site-specific,suggested that they were both the good indicators of ecosystem health.Mitten-handed crabs had the highest capacity to accumulate PCBs and organochlorine pesticides,and also they had the strong ability to degrade these pollutants in their bodies,especially for DDT and HCH.The biota-soil accumulation factors(BSAF) of ΣH CH,ΣDDT,Mirex,HCB and ΣP CBs in mitten-handed crab were calculated to be 24.5,15.3,122.2,28.1 and 54.6,respectively.In view of the strong bioaccumulation ability,the health risk should be concerned for the cultivation of mitten-handed crabs in paddy fields in the low reach of Liaohe River Plain.