Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

国内外物联网研究现状及展望

物联网以互联网为基础,通过多种信息传感装置实现物物互联,是信息科技领域发展的必然趋势.本文就物联网的基本概念、技术体系、关键技术等方面对物联网进行介绍,并根据一些事实对近年来国内外物联网的发展现状进行阐述,提出现阶段物联网发展存在的问题,最后对其未来发展进行了展望.     

基于模拟有限差分的嵌入式离散裂缝数学模型

嵌入式离散裂缝模型划分网格时不需要考虑油藏内的裂缝形态,只需对基岩系统进行简单的网格剖分,可以大大降低网格划分的复杂度,从而能够提高计算效率.并且该模型可以将现有成熟的油藏数值模拟技术和离散裂缝网络模型有机地结合起来,能精细地模拟流体在裂缝性油藏中的流动.本文模型求解采用模拟有限差分方法,该方法基于单个网格的节点和面信息构造数值计算格式,理论上适用于任何复杂网格系统,且具有良好的局部守恒性,将其推广到嵌入式离散裂缝模型后,克服了该模型基于有限差分方法求解时不能有效处理全张量形式的渗透率以及不适用于复杂边界形状裂缝性油藏的局限性.最后通过实际算例验证了本文方法的正确性和优越性.     

POLSAR图像杂波L分布建模及其参数估计

基于乘积模型的杂波统计建模是进行高分辨极化合成孔径雷达(POLSAR)图像非均匀区域杂波统计特性分析的有效方法,其核心在于纹理分量随机分布的类型选择.广义伽马分布(GΓD)是一种普适性很强的分布类型,Weibull分布、伽马分布、逆伽马分布等都是GΓD分布的特例,因此基于GΓD分布的图像乘性杂波建模既满足杂波建模的高精度要求,同时成为各种雷达杂波辨识的有效工具.本文首先推导了服从GΓD分布的随机变量的高阶矩特征及其对数累积量(MLC),利用纹理分量服从GΓD分布情形构建了乘积相干斑模型,得到了适用于POLSAR图像处理的L分布杂波多视处理的协方差矩阵的概率分布函数,同时推导了其高阶矩特征及其对数累积量,提出了基于对数累积量的L分布参数估计新方法.针对样本数较少的情况下对数累积量参数估计失效问题提出了基于混合矩(MME)的参数估计方法来解决.然后给出了不同分布的高阶矩和对数累积量,通过二三阶对数累积量关系图辨析了常用分布与L分布的内在关系,得到了L分布是目前乘积模型中适用范围较为广泛的统计分布的结论.最后用仿真数据验证了理论推导的正确性,并将基于对数累积量的参数估计方法与已有方法进行了比较,结果证明新参数估计方法具有更高的估计精度和运算效率;另外,还用实测数据进行了统计模型检验,其结果验证了理论推导的正确性.极化SAR中多视图像L分布杂波的统计建模及其参数估计方法为极化SAR目标检测和识别等领域的新技术研究提供了新手段.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis

To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.     

外源性H2S通过调节β-位淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1表达对PC12细胞APP／Aβ代谢的影响

目的观察外源性硫化氢对嗜铬细胞瘤细胞β-位淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1（BACE1）的调节作用,进而探讨其对淀粉样前体蛋白／β-位淀粉样蛋白代谢途径的影响。方法用硫氢化钠作外源性H2s供体,实验设空白对照组、NaHs50μmol／L组、NaHS100μmol／L组和NariS200μmol／L组,按分组浓度处理PC12细胞24h后,RT-PCR和Western blot法检测细胞内BACE1 mRNA及蛋白表达,并用Western blot法继而检测APP代谢过程中关键蛋白APP、C99、C83表达变化,EusA法检测细胞培养液中AB40和AB42水平。结果NaHS在实验浓度范围内从基因与蛋白两个水平上呈剂量依赖性下调BACE1表达,并下调C99、Ap40和Ap42蛋白表达,上调C83蛋白,各NaHS组分别与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而对APP蛋白表达没有影响,各组间比较差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论外源性H2s具有通过调节PC12细胞BACE1表达下调APP／Aβ代谢的作用。     

离心压缩机的扩压器内部流场分析及其结构优化

首先对等宽型无叶扩压器内部流动情况进行了较为详细的分析,在此分析基础上进行了两处改进：1）将等宽型无叶扩压器改为收缩型无叶扩压器;2）在原等宽无叶扩压器中加装导向叶片,并利用CFD软件（FLUENT）对改进后的扩压器内部流场进行数值模拟。从模拟结果上看：改进后的扩压器其内部流动不均匀情况得到明显改善,拥有了良好的气动性,从而有效地提高了压缩机整体性能。     

基于膜计算的蚁群算法在配电网WSNs中路由研究

针对智能配电网WSNs数据传输可靠差、节点能量消耗快、网络生存周期短和路由空洞等问题,研究一种膜计算-蚁群路由(Membrane Computing-Ant Colony Routing,MCACR)算法;通过在状态转移函数中引入动态补偿因子,避免了 MCACR算法因信息素过高出现过早停滞现象;利用膜计算膜内运算和膜间...