朱光潜的京派审美情趣——从朱光潜与鲁迅的分歧说起

20世纪30年代朱光潜与鲁迅的分歧,是京派与左翼审美趣味的分歧,也是“看戏”与“演戏”人生理想的分歧。朱光潜以中国传统文人士大夫的审美情趣青睐于西方古典主义的“静穆说”,把“静穆”视为艺术的极境,貌似很西方,实则很古典。     

管材塑性弯曲成形的有限元数值模拟分析

为深入研究管材塑性弯曲成形机理,利用数值模拟方法建立了包括工艺参数在内的管材弯曲成形全参数化有限元模型,并验证了模型的有效性.在此基础上,详细分析了管材弯曲变形过程中的应力应变分布.结果表明,最大等效应力发生在弯管起弯侧,最大等效应变则沿弯管变形区域均匀分布,管材弯曲成形处于平面应力状态和三向应变状态.     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> and <Subscript>O. latifolia</Subscript> by <Subscript>in situ</Subscript> hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chromosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in complete male sterility in the hybrid.     

Effects of dietary nickel on detoxification enzyme activities in the midgut of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fabricius larvae

Nickel accumulated in midugt of Spodoptera litura Fabricius could induce the expression of metallothionein, one of the most important detoxification proteins in organisms. In the present study, the effects of dietary nickel on the activities of detoxification enzymes, such as carboxylesterase （CarE） and giutathione S-transferase （GST） in the midgut of S. litura larvae have been studied to get an understanding of the detoxification mechanisms of S. litura larvae to excessive nickel. Results showed that CarE activities in the midgut of the 5th instar larvae decreased at lower levels of nickel （≤5 mg/kg）, while increased with increasing nickel doses at higher levels of nickel （≥10 mg/kg） exposure in successive 3 generations. CarE activities of the 6th instar larvae were also characterized as inhibited at low levels of nickel exposure, and improved at higher levels in the 1st generation. CarE activities of 6th instar larvae in the 2nd and 3rd generations were all lower than that in control. However, GST activities in the midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae all increased with increasing nickel doses （1 --20 mg/kg） in diets.     

Structures of magnetic null points in reconnection diffusion region: Cluster observations

Magnetic reconnection is a very important and fundamental plasma process in transferring energy from magnetic field into plasma. Previous theory, numerical simulations and observations mostly concentrate on 2-dimensional （2D） model; however, magnetic reconnection is a 3-dimensional （3D） nonlinear process in nature. The properties of reconnection in 3D and its associated singular structure have not been resolved completely. Here we investigate the structures and charactedstics of null points inside the reconnection diffusion region by introducing the discretized Poincar6 index through Gauss integral and using magnetic field data with high resolution from the four satellites of Cluster mission. We estimate the velocity and trajectory of null points by calculating its position in different times, and compare and discuss the observations with different reconnection models with null points based on characteristics of electric current around null points.     

Analysis of DNA methylation variation in wheat genetic background after alien chromatin introduction based on methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism

During the process of alien germplasm introduced into wheat genome by chromosome engineering, extensive genetic variations of genome structure and gene expression in recipient could be induced. In this study, we performed GISH （genome in situ hybridization） and AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） on wheat-rye chromosome translocation lines and their parents to detect the identity in genomic structure of different translocation lines. The results showed that the genome primary structure variations were not obviously detected in different translocation lines except the same 1RS chromosome translocation. Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism （MSAP） analyses on genomic DNA showed that the ratios of fully-methylated sites were significantly increased in translocation lines （CN12, 20.15%; CN17, 20.91%; CN18, 22.42%）, but the ratios of hemimethylated sites were significantly lowered （CN12, 21.41%; CN17, 23.43%; CN18, 22.42%）, whereas 16.37% were fully-methylated and 25.44% were hemimethylated in case of their wheat parent. Twenty-nine classes of methylation patterns were identified in a comparative assay of cytosine methylation patterns between wheat-rye translocation lines and their wheat parent, including 13 hypermethylation patterns （33.74%）, 9 demethylation patterns （22.76%） and 7 uncertain patterns （4.07%）. In further sequence analysis, the alterations of methylation pattern affected both repetitive DNA sequences, such as retrotransposons and tandem repetitive sequences, and low-copy DNA.     

Novel protein detection method based on proximity-dependent polymerase reaction and aptamers

In recent years, specific detection of proteins is one of the hot issues about aptamers in proteomics. Here we reported a simple, sensitive and specific proximity-dependent protein assay with dual DNA aptamers. Thrombin was used as the model protein, and two aptamer probes with complementary sequence at 3′-end were designed for the two distinct epitopes of the protein. Association of the two aptamers with thrombin resulted in stable hybrids due to the proximity of 3′-end, then polymerase reaction was induced. The amount of obtained dsDNA was indicated using the fluorescence dye Sybr Green I. The results showed that the initial velocity of polymerase reaction had a positive correlation with concentration of thrombin. The advantages of this dual-aptamer-based approach included simple and flexible design of aptamer probes, high selectivity and high sensitivity. The detection limit was 6.9 pmol/L.     

流域汇流的等流时单位线方法初探

由于等流时线方法的固有缺陷,它计算出的流量过程线难以达到需要的精度.本文使用分布式瞬时单位线的思想来改进等流时线方法,将产流场和传播场结合起来,使用纳什线性水库模型为每一个等流时面积建立各自的单位线,以描述河槽调蓄对径流的作用,弥补了等流时线法的缺陷.同时它利用一组线性水库之间的相似关系,缩减建立单位线所需的参数,继而建立等流时单位线.该方法可以便于根据流域下垫面特性和径流进行参数调节,最后找到适合该流域的参数.等流时单位线方法用于白溪流域五场洪水的实际计算结果说明,它可以较好地综合等流时线法和单位线法的优势,改进计算的精度.等流时单位线法是等流时线法和单位线法的有效结合,方法中各参数能够较容易地与实际物理模型相联系,更有利于应用在缺乏资料的流域.     

基于壳聚糖及其衍生物结构的体内铀促排剂的研究

采用分子印迹技术以离子半径与铀酰离子相近的金属离子X和Y为模板,以E和P为交联剂交联得到交联壳聚糖,然后进行结构修饰和改造,合成了水溶性印迹交联模板壳聚糖,并研究了它们对铀酰离子的吸附性能.结果表明: 以金属离子X为模板的两系列水溶性交联壳聚糖衍生物对铀酰离子的螯合率都超过80%,高于非模板交联壳聚糖;以天然无毒壳聚糖进行修饰改造合成的衍生物,对铀有较高选择性和吸附性,可进一步将其作为体内铀的促排剂以解决军事及工业中的铀体内污染问题.     

MVC设计模式在手机系统SymbianOS中的应用

设计模式在现代软件开发中,用得越来越广泛,MVC模式是其中的典型。首先论述了MVC设计模式的特点,然后分析其在SymbianOS系统应用程序中的应用。