基于意识形态变迁的农村公共产品供给制度创新

建国以来,我国农村公共产品供给制度经历了不同历史时期的变迁过程,但是政府主导、以制度外财政为主的供给制度并没有改变,而是沿着既有的路径继续发展。本文把农村公共产品供给制度创新看为意识形态的蜕变,按科学发展观的要求,推进农村公共产品供给一体化、均等化和服务对象的"非歧视化";完善地方政府激励制度;改革财政体制,规范中央与地方的财权和事权。     

科学设置与实施高专创业教育课程体系

大学生创业教育课程是一门实践性和操作性都很强的课程,在整个创业教育中起到非常关键的作用,如何设计好创业教育的课程体系并把它付诸实施是时下各大专院校非常关注的问题,本文在设计创业教育课程体系的基础上,进一步提出一些相关的实施意见。     

Fast method for spreading sequence estimation of DSSS signal based on maximum likelihood function

To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. By simplifying the objective function of maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm can realize sequence synchronization and sequence estimation via adaptive iteration and sliding window.since it avoids the correlation matrix computation, the algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity. Simulations show that it is a fast convergent algorithm, and can perform well in low signal to noise ratio (SNR).     

Coordinated Bayesian optimal approach for the integrated decision between electronic countermeasure and firepower attack

The coordinated Bayesian optimization algorithm (CBOA) is proposed according to the characteristics of the function independence, conformity and supplementary between the electronic countermeasure (ECM) and the firepower attack systems. The selection criteria are combinations of probabilities of individual fitness and coordinated degree and can select choiceness individual to construct Bayesian network that manifest population evolution by producing the new chromosome. Thus the CBOA cannot only guarantee the effective pattern coordinated decision-making mechanism between the populations, but also maintain the population multiplicity, and enhance the algorithm performance. The simulation result confirms the algorithm validity.     

一种基于形状文法的产品设计DNA推理方法

为在较短周期内产生系列化设计方案并保持品牌风格的继承性,提出了基于形状文法的产品设计DNA推理方法.将显性特征作为初始形状,并通过样本收集、专家访谈、设计形态分析3个步骤进行提取.形状规则分为生成性规则和修改性规则,对应遗传和变异.进一步提出生成性规则为产品造型特征的添加和置换,修改性规则为仿射变换和贝塞尔曲线变换,同时指出具体形状规则应根据产品造型特征与感性意象之间的匹配关系以及约束规则加以确定.最后以摩托罗拉手机改款设计为例,用语意差异法检验设计方案.结果表明:分别有88%和71%的受试者认为新设计方案"符合原有品牌风格"、"具有运动感",基本满足设计要求,从而验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

Precise orbit determination for geostationary satellites with multiple tracking techniques

A new precise orbit determination (POD) strategy based on the combination of satellite laser ranging (SLR) and C-band transfer ranging for geostationary satellites (GEO) is presented.Two approaches to calibrate ranging biases of the C-band ranging system are proposed,namely the two tracking system co-location comparison and the combined POD method,with calibration accuracies estimated to be 0.5 ns and 1 ns respectively.Using data from a C-band tracking network in China,POD experiments indicate that meter-le...     

Variability and reduction of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network was established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The goals of the network were to monitor and provide warnings of the atmospheric quality in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The results showed that the atmospheric complex pollution exhibited high concentrations of ozone and fine particles and oxidation in summer, with a ubiquitous regional source. The regional mean concentrations of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO₂, and O_{3_8h max} (the maximum daily 8 h mean) and O_x were 22±11, 90±40, 25±5, 136±35 and 112±21 μg/m³ in summer, respectively. During the Olympic Games, the mean concentration of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO_{2, O3_8h} max, and O_x were 12.5±4, 56±28, 23±4, 114±29, 95±17 μg/m³ in the region, respectively, and fell by 51.0%, 43.7%, 13%, 20.2%, and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean before the Olympic Games. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants declined significantly and achieved the “Green Olympics” control goal of air quality. After the Olympic Games, SO₂, PM_2.5 and NO_x increased significantly as the temporary atmospheric pollution control measures were terminated.     

Realtime robust speech communication based on iterative joint source-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm for MELP vocoder

Realtime speech communications require high efficient compression algorithms to encode speech signals. As the compressed speech parameters are highly sensitive to transmission errors, robust source and channel decoding and demodulation schemes are both important and of practical use. In this paper, an iterative joint source-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm is proposed for mixed excited linear prediction (MELP) vocoder by both exploiting the residual redundancy and passing soft information throughout the receiver while introducing systematic global iteration process to further enhance the performance. Being fully compatible with existing transmitter structure, the proposed algorithm does not introduce additional bandwidth expansion and transmission delay. Simulations show substantial error correcting performance and synthesized speech quality improvement over conventional separate designed systems in delay and bandwidth constraint channels by using the joint source-channel decoding and demodulation (JSCCM) algorithm.     

低分辨率条件下鞋类的自动分类方法

根据视频监控中行人所穿鞋的鞋型搜索犯罪嫌疑人是公安机关常用侦查技战法。然而在现实案件中很多视频监控分辨率较低,公安民警不能精确识别到具体鞋型,且消耗大量的时间和警力。针对这一问题,提出一种对低分辨率视频监控下的鞋类进行自动分类的方法。参考全国制鞋标准化技术委员会2017年制定的制鞋标准,初步将鞋类分为皮鞋和运动鞋两大类;构建鞋类数据库,包括59 853幅皮鞋和47 878幅运动鞋图像;进而基于卷积神经网络,设计一种适用于鞋类自动分类的鞋类识别网络模型。实验结果表明,鞋类自动分类模型在测试阶段对鞋分类的准确率达到了95.7%,可见基本能准确识别皮鞋和运动鞋两类鞋。     

数据分布特性对空调系统能耗预测的影响

空调系统能耗预测是实现智能调控、能源需求管理、系统节能的重要手段和前提之一,当前的空调系统能耗预测主要是基于机器学习算法。诸多机器学习算法的重要理论前提是数据的分布应尽量满足正态分布,然而空调系统的实际运行数据很少能满足正态分布特性,目前的研究鲜有涉及数据分布特性对空调系统能耗预测的影响。首先基于实际项目的空调系统能耗数据,从偏度和峰度两个指标分析了实际能耗数据分布与正态分布呈现出的偏离;然后通过对数变换对能耗数据进行数据变换,使能耗数据更接近于正态分布;接着以常见的4种能耗预测机器学习算法(广义线性回归算法、支持向量回归算法、人工神经网络算法、随机森林算法)对原始数据和经过数据变换后的数据分别进行空调系统能耗预测工作,分析负荷预测结果的RMSE和R~2统计量。结果对比发现,数据的分布特性对能耗预测有着重要的影响,合适的数据变换可以有效地提高空调系统能耗预测机器学习算法模型的预测效果。