数控机床主轴刀柄锥配合结合部动力学建模

在分析现有主轴刀柄动力学建模方法缺点的基础上,根据刚度影响因子的概念,建立了锥配合结合部动力学模型,并利用结构动力学矩阵与频率响应函数矩阵互逆的特性,识别出结合部的动力学模型参数.实验表明:计算出的模型固有频率与模态实验得到的值的相对误差在10%左右,验证了所建模型的有效性.     

地面智能机器人自主性评估研究

对地面智能机器人自主性评估相关研究进行了总结,从自主评估的概念、发展、框架、度量等方面进行了分析.对系统自主性的评估,讨论了评估对象、评估方法和评估是否准确这3个基本问题,概括了现有的自主性分类级别,提出自主评估方向:针对系统行为体现出的自主特性,建立各类系统行为能力的规范化描述集,解决评估什么的问题;建立规范化描述集...     

船舶典型构件裂纹扩展模拟及分析

基于有限元软件ABAQUS,结合裂纹扩展判据,应用脚本语言Python自主开发出模拟裂纹自动扩展的程序模块.对含初始裂纹的大型液化天然气船(LNG)的典型纵骨节点进行了裂纹扩展仿真分析,探讨了软趾结构形式、纵骨高度、软趾长度等对裂纹扩展路径及应力强度因子的影响,结果表明在扶强材背后增加软趾、选择合适的纵骨高度以及增加连接软趾的长度对降低裂尖处的应力强度因子幅值,扼制裂纹的失稳扩展非常有利.     

葵花籽焙烤前后瓜子仁中脂溶性风味物质的研究

用索氏脂肪提取器萃取出普葵原料和其焙烤后瓜子仁中的脂溶性风味物质,用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析其中的化学成分,共检索出39种化学物质,对生熟瓜子仁中主要化学成分进行对比.结果表明:焙烤后瓜子脂溶性风味物质中有2种成分含量比原料增加100倍以上,7种成分含量提高10倍以上,3种成分含量提高5倍以上,7种成分含量提高1到4倍不等,其他成分均有不同程度提高,仅一种成分含量较原料低.     

基于改进遗传算法的车间布局重构

以车间设备的多行布局为研究对象,建立以设备序列和间距为决策变量、以最小化车间物流总费用为目标的车间布局重构数学模型.采用遗传算法进行求解,对染色体编码和遗传算子进行了改进.结合某凸轮轴加工车间实例,剖析该车间现有布局存在的问题以及重构的必要性,比较布局重构前后的物流费用,验证了车间布局重构数学模型和改进遗传算法的有效性.     

复方三芪提取物对NMDA致大鼠视网膜损伤的保护作用

目的:研究复方三芪提取物对由N-甲基-D天门冬氨酸(NMDA)诱导的大鼠视网膜损伤模型的保护作用.方法:20只SD大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、模型组、复方三芪提取物低、中、高剂量组.模型组和给药组大鼠于右眼玻璃体内注射2μL 40 nmol.L-1NMDA,制备视网膜神经元损伤模型.给药组在NMDA注射前7 d起给予复方三芪提取物灌胃(3.903,7.805,15.61 g.kg-1.B.W.);正常对照组和模型组则给予等剂量的生理盐水灌胃.注射NMDA 7 d后静脉取血,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,取眼球组织,切片HE染色,观察视网膜厚度,并对视网膜视神经节细胞层(RGCL)神经元进行计数.结果:模型组大鼠RGCL神经元个数为正常组大鼠的51±6%.同模型组相比,复方三芪提取物(3.903,7.805,15.61 g.kg-1.B.W.)能剂量依赖性地增加RGCL神经元个数(P<0.05),依次为正常组的69±6%,89±7%,103±7%.复方三芪提取物(7.805 g.kg-1.B.W.)显著提高大鼠血清SOD活性并降低MDA含量(P<0.001).结论:复方三芪提取物能抑制NMDA诱导的视网膜脂质过氧化,并能阻止大鼠视网膜神经元进行性丢失,对NMDA诱导损伤的大鼠视网膜有修复作用.提示复方三芪提取物可能具有促进神经元的再生作用.     

First-principles study of the interactions of hydrogen with low-index surfaces of PdCu ordered alloy

PdCu catalysts play a key role in several hydrogen-involved processes. Among these reactions, the interaction of hydrogen with PdCu essentially determines the catalytic performance. However, the response of PdCu to surrounding hydrogen has been poorly investigated, especially for specific facets of PdCu at different environment. In this work, taking temperature and hydrogen pressure into account, we studied the hydrogen-surface interactions for four low-index surfaces of PdCu through first-principles calculations. It was found that H-PdCu adsorption strong relies on the facets, hydrogen coverage, and reaction environment (temperature and H-pressure). Our work highlights the importance of the environment on the nature of catalyst surfaces and reactions and offers a plausible way to investigate the interactions between gas and the surfaces of nanocatalysts in real reactions.     

大尺寸磷酸盐激光钕玻璃批量制备技术研发及应用

为满足神光装置发展和未来国家专项工程对大尺寸激光玻璃的大量需求,上海光学精密机械研究所研发了以磷酸盐激光钕玻璃连续熔炼技术为核心的大尺寸激光钕玻璃批量制备技术.大尺寸磷酸盐激光钕玻璃批量制备技术是全新的工艺技术,先后攻克了除杂质、动态除羟基、除铂颗粒、小流量大尺寸成型、隧道窑退火过程玻璃易炸裂以及包边和性能检测等一系列关键单元技术,激光玻璃的所有指标包括荧光寿命、光学损耗、光学均匀性、包边剩余反射率等均达到神光装置的使用要求.使中国成为继美国之后第二个拥有大尺寸激光钕玻璃批量制造能力的国家.采用该技术已成功研制了一千多片米级尺寸N31型激光钕玻璃,并且应用于我国的神光系列装置,在中国工程物理研究院实现了1 053 nm激光波长5 ns脉冲宽度单束能量19.6 kJ激光输出.采用本技术研制的激光钕玻璃在国防、强场激光科技前沿、激光加工和医疗领域都得到推广应用.     

Reverse-transformation austenite structure control with micro/nanometer size

To control the reverse-transformation austenite structure through manipulation of the micro/nanometer grain structure, the influences of cold deformation and annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel were investigated. The samples were first cold-rolled, and then samples deformed to different extents were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolutions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the mechanical properties are also determined by tensile tests. The results showed that the fraction of stain-induced martensite was approximately 72% in the 90% cold-rolled steel. The micro/nanometric microstructure was obtained after reversion annealing at 820-870℃ for 60 s. Nearly 100% reversed austenite was obtained in samples annealed at 850℃, where grains with a diameter ≤ 500 nm accounted for 30% and those with a diameter >0.5 μm accounted for 70%. The micro/nanometer-grain steel exhibited not only a high strength level (approximately 959 MPa) but also a desirable elongation of approximately 45%.     

Effect of vanadium carbide on commercial pure aluminum

The effect of vanadium carbide (VC) on the grain size of commercial pure aluminum was experimentally investigated by varying the content of VC, the holding time, and casting temperature. The refining efficiencies of VC and Al5Ti1B were also compared. The refined samples of commercial pure aluminum were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results suggest that VC is a good refiner of commercial pure aluminum. The addition of only 0.3wt% VC can decrease the grain size of aluminum to 102 μm, whereas the casting temperature and holding time have little effect on the grain size. The refining efficiency of VC is better than that of Al5Ti1B. The VC particles in molten aluminum act as nuclei and the grain refinement of aluminum alloys by VC particles is achieved via heterogeneous nucleation.