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991.
Variability and reduction of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
JinYuan Xin YueSi Wang GuiQian Tang LiLi Wang Yang Sun YingHong Wang Bo Hu Tao Song DongSheng Ji WeiFeng Wang Liang Li GuangRen Liu 《科学通报(英文版)》2010,55(18):1937-1944
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network was established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The goals of the network were to monitor and provide warnings of the atmospheric quality in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The results showed that the atmospheric complex pollution exhibited high concentrations of ozone and fine particles and oxidation in summer, with a ubiquitous regional source. The regional mean concentrations of SO2, PM2.5, NO2, and O3_8h max (the maximum daily 8 h mean) and Ox were 22±11, 90±40, 25±5, 136±35 and 112±21 μg/m3 in summer, respectively. During the Olympic Games, the mean concentration of SO2, PM2.5, NO2, O3_8h max, and Ox were 12.5±4, 56±28, 23±4, 114±29, 95±17 μg/m3 in the region, respectively, and fell by 51.0%, 43.7%, 13%, 20.2%, and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean before the Olympic Games. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants declined significantly and achieved the “Green Olympics” control goal of air quality. After the Olympic Games, SO2, PM2.5 and NOx increased significantly as the temporary atmospheric pollution control measures were terminated. 相似文献
992.
Realtime speech communications require high efficient compression algorithms to encode speech signals. As the compressed speech parameters are highly sensitive to transmission errors, robust source and channel decoding and demodulation schemes are both important and of practical use. In this paper, an iterative joint source-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm is proposed for mixed excited linear prediction (MELP) vocoder by both exploiting the residual redundancy and passing soft information throughout the receiver while introducing systematic global iteration process to further enhance the performance. Being fully compatible with existing transmitter structure, the proposed algorithm does not introduce additional bandwidth expansion and transmission delay. Simulations show substantial error correcting performance and synthesized speech quality improvement over conventional separate designed systems in delay and bandwidth constraint channels by using the joint source-channel decoding and demodulation (JSCCM) algorithm. 相似文献
993.
根据视频监控中行人所穿鞋的鞋型搜索犯罪嫌疑人是公安机关常用侦查技战法。然而在现实案件中很多视频监控分辨率较低,公安民警不能精确识别到具体鞋型,且消耗大量的时间和警力。针对这一问题,提出一种对低分辨率视频监控下的鞋类进行自动分类的方法。参考全国制鞋标准化技术委员会2017年制定的制鞋标准,初步将鞋类分为皮鞋和运动鞋两大类;构建鞋类数据库,包括59 853幅皮鞋和47 878幅运动鞋图像;进而基于卷积神经网络,设计一种适用于鞋类自动分类的鞋类识别网络模型。实验结果表明,鞋类自动分类模型在测试阶段对鞋分类的准确率达到了95.7%,可见基本能准确识别皮鞋和运动鞋两类鞋。 相似文献
994.
东海低渗储层具有埋藏深、温度高、边底水发育、平台空间小等特点,采用传统加砂压裂方式初期产量低、压后压降快、有效产能低,无法满足海上经济有效开发的需求。因此,基于平台化压裂的技术瓶颈,开展二次加砂压裂增产机理及适应性评估,通过技术优化研究,确定了二次加砂压裂施工排量、加砂规模、二次加砂比例、中途停泵时间等关键参数,优选评价了压裂液和支撑剂材料,并评估了平台空间综合利用,形成了一种适合海上低渗平台开发的增产技术。DX-B5井的实施效果表明:二次加砂压裂技术首次应用于海上低渗油气田,并取得显著的增产效果,相比邻井初期产量增加了2倍,累计产量增加了3倍,针对类似储层条件的油气井,可推广应用于东海及国内其他海域的低渗储层增产开发。 相似文献
995.
996.
为了研究锚杆形态参数对杆体-砂浆界面剪切性能的影响,开展了杆体-砂浆界面二维等效侧限剪切试验,探究了不同法向应力下各锚杆形态参数对界面峰值剪切强度τ_(max)、剪切耗能值E的影响,基于逐步回归分析的结果表明:对峰值剪切强度而言,肋间距和肋高度是最主要的影响参数,而且这两个参数之间存在明显的耦合关系,肋角度对峰值剪切强度的影响与法向应力大小有关,而肋宽则影响微弱;对剪切耗能值而言,在低法向应力时,其与肋高度有关,而在高法向应力时,其与各形态参数均不显著。除此之外,基于爬坡比K和剪胀角β提出了破坏模式定量分类标准,得到了不同法向应力下锚杆的临界肋间距和肋角度,通过临界值可以判断界面的破坏模式。当肋间距小于临界值时,界面以切齿破坏为主,当肋角度小于临界值时,界面以滑移破坏为主,当肋间距和肋角度均大于临界值时,界面则会出现剪胀滑移破坏或剪切破碎破坏。试验结果为螺纹钢锚杆的形态优化提供了参考,同时为进一步揭示锚杆杆体-砂浆界面的破坏演化过程奠定了基础。 相似文献
997.
水下测试树是深水测试过程中风险控制的关键性设备,在特殊海况时具有快速断开测试管柱、封堵井下管柱内高压油气以达到保护测试仪器和人员安全以及避免海洋环境污染的作用。通过大量文献资料收集和现场调研,分析了水下测试树的国内外研究现状,详细介绍了国外水下测试树的功能、结构特点、应用情况及国内水下测试树的发展与应用情况。对比分析表明:国外水下测试树现有产品功能强大、性能可靠、适用于不同海洋工况,且不同公司的产品在结构和功能上各具特点。同时,针对国内水下测试树的应用现状,提出了水下测试树国产化的研究思路以及研究开发过程中可能出现的问题,对促进我国海洋石油水下装备自主研发与制造具有重要意义。 相似文献
998.
采用恒电位阳极氧化法,用含氟的二甘醇溶液作为电解液,制备了分离的TiO2纳米管阵列,并结合紫外光还原法,制备Ag纳米颗粒负载的TiO2纳米管阵列.用SEM、XRD和紫外可见吸收光谱对Ag-TiO2纳米管进行表征,并以甲基橙为污染物测定其光催化性能.结果表明:随硝酸银浓度的增大,TiO2纳米管表面被银覆盖的面积更多,紫外吸收强度增强,光催化效率增强. 相似文献
999.
The precipitation behaviors of X80 acicular ferrite pipeline steel were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that dendritic precipitates in the as-cast steel slabs precipitate mainly in grain boundaries, and these dendritic precipitates dissolve and re-precipitate to two kinds of carbonitrides: Ti- and Nb-rich (Ti, Nb)(C, N) carbonitrides during reheating. Four types of precipitates mainly exist in the hot rolled plate: Ti-rich carbonitrides resulted from the dendritic carbonitrides undissolved during the reheating process; Ti-rich carbonitrides re-precipitated along austenite grain boundaries during the reheating process; NbC carbides mainly heterogeneously nucleated on the small pre-existing Nb-rich carbonitrides in the hot rolling process; and NbC carbides precipitated on dislocations during hot rolling. 相似文献
1000.
Aiming at technical difficulties in feature extraction for the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) target recognition, this paper imports the concept of visual perception and presents a novel method, which is based on the combination of non-negative sparse coding (NNSC) and linear discrimination optimization, to recognize targets in ISAR images. This method implements NNSC on the matrix constituted by the intensities of pixels in ISAR images for training, to obtain non-negative sparse bases which characterize sparse distribution of strong scattering centers. Then this paper chooses sparse bases via optimization criteria and calculates the corresponding non-negative sparse codes of both training and test images as the feature vectors, which are input into k neighbors classifier to realize recognition finally. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed method are proved by comparing with the template matching, principle component analysis (PCA) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) via simulations. 相似文献