Nest structure and all stages of the long-cheeked yellow jacket Dolichovespula intermedia Birula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Nest structure, morphology of all stages and behaviour have contributed to the phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of social vespids. Two aerial nests of Dolichovespula intermedia were discovered in China. The morphology of the three castes, the five larval instars, and the nest structure of D. intermedia Birula, are described in detail and illustrated. The presence of only one campaniform sensillum above each labial palp and the dense minute spicules on the posterior gena found in D. intermedia larvae are mentioned here for the first time for Dolichovespula. The identification characters between D. intermedia and Dolichovespula sylvestris are briefly discussed.     

Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

频率编码脉冲信号性能分析

用大时宽带宽信号是提高雷达距离、速度及其联合分辨性能的最常用方法之一。频率编码脉冲是一种大时宽带信号,具有良好的距离分辨性能和较窄的瞬时带宽。推导了频率编码脉冲信号及步进频率脉冲信号的模糊函数,分析了其距离、速度分辨性能及其相应关系,并就有效解决其距离-速度联合测量问题进行了讨论。     

接种密度对Vero细胞在微载体表面生长的影响

研究了接种密度对Ｖｅｒｏ细胞在微载体表面生长行为的影响,发现培养过程中所获得的细胞最高密度随接种密度的增加而有所提高,当细胞的表面接种密度高于１．０×１０＾５ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｍｇＭＣ时,因贴壁后细胞扩展受到限制而不利于进入对数生长期。就整个Ｖｅｒｏ细胞培养过程,适宜的表面接种密度为３×１０＾－４－７×１０＾４ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｍｇＭＣ,此时可以获得较高的比生长速率和细胞增殖倍数。     

脱硫催化剂的酸法制备及性能研究

对用酸法进行催化剂制备，酸法制备的最佳镁铝比，分散介质的优化，引入对脱催化剂的氧化性能和还原性能的影响。以及实验室的还原温度等诸方面进行了研究。     

基于FLOWMASTER的制冷剂充注量对制冷系统性能影响的仿真研究

在分析制冷系统作用及基本原理的基础上,使用一维流体系统仿真软件FLOWMASTER的元件库建立了制冷系统仿真模型.用能量方程、动量方程和连续性方程联舍起来进行耦合求解,得到系统的温度和压力分布,进而得到流速及换热量等其它参数.在此基础上研究了制冷剂充注量对制冷系统性能的影响,得出了制冷量及COP（Coefficient of Performance,性能系数）随充注量变化的曲线,提出制冷剂的充注量要以制冷量达到设计要求时,系统的COP达到最大为原则.     

Granzyme B is recovered by natural killer cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis

When they recognize a target cell, natural killer (NK) cells mount an attack to kill the target by exerting their cytotoxicity via the exocytosis of cytotoxic granules. Although the details of this process (which includes the movement of cytotoxic granules in the immune synapse and their fusion with the plasma membrane, releasing granzymes and perforin into the synaptic cleft) are relatively better understood, the post-exocytosis regulation of the process is still largely unknown. Here we show that a clathrin-dependent endocytosis stimulated by target cell occurs in NK92 cell line, which is closely correlated with granzyme B recovery. Inhibition of the endocytosis significantly attenuates the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells. The NK cell recovery of its released effector molecules, in turn, suggests that endocytosis may well play a key role in the post exocytosis regulation of immune cells.     

Exome sequencing of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma

Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, is a major public health concern in areas endemic for this parasite. We report here whole-exome sequencing of eight O. viverrini-related tumors and matched normal tissue. We identified and validated 206 somatic mutations in 187 genes using Sanger sequencing and selected 15 genes for mutation prevalence screening in an additional 46 individuals with CCA (cases). In addition to the known cancer-related genes TP53 (mutated in 44.4% of cases), KRAS (16.7%) and SMAD4 (16.7%), we identified somatic mutations in 10 newly implicated genes in 14.8-3.7% of cases. These included inactivating mutations in MLL3 (in 14.8% of cases), ROBO2 (9.3%), RNF43 (9.3%) and PEG3 (5.6%), and activating mutations in the GNAS oncogene (9.3%). These genes have functions that can be broadly grouped into three biological classes: (i) deactivation of histone modifiers, (ii) activation of G protein signaling and (iii) loss of genome stability. This study provides insight into the mutational landscape contributing to O. viverrini-related CCA.     

武汉市"十一五"规划战略环境评价实践

以武汉市"十一五"规划战略环境评价为例,探讨了我国城市国民经济和社会发展规划战略环境评价的技术路线、指标体系与评价方法.研究表明,对城市空间布局、产业布局、产业结构以及城市交通的环境适宜性进行综合评价是这类规划战略环境评价的重要特征;互动式的评价模式能使环境因素及时、有效地纳入到决策过程中;指标体系是预测评价的基础,指标的选择除考虑科学性、代表性外还应强调可获得性、可量化性及可考核性.