Disruption of Bardet-Biedl syndrome ciliary proteins perturbs planar cell polarity in vertebrates

The evolutionarily conserved planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway (or noncanonical Wnt pathway) drives several important cellular processes, including epithelial cell polarization, cell migration and mitotic spindle orientation. In vertebrates, PCP genes have a vital role in polarized convergent extension movements during gastrulation and neurulation. Here we show that mice with mutations in genes involved in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a disorder associated with ciliary dysfunction, share phenotypes with PCP mutants including open eyelids, neural tube defects and disrupted cochlear stereociliary bundles. Furthermore, we identify genetic interactions between BBS genes and a PCP gene in both mouse (Ltap, also called Vangl2) and zebrafish (vangl2). In zebrafish, the augmented phenotype results from enhanced defective convergent extension movements. We also show that Vangl2 localizes to the basal body and axoneme of ciliated cells, a pattern reminiscent of that of the BBS proteins. These data suggest that cilia are intrinsically involved in PCP processes.     

略论《法学阶梯》的结构及其影响

盖优斯是罗马著名的“五大法学家”之一,其代表著作《法学阶梯》影响深远。《法学阶梯》“人法”、“债”、“继承”、“诉讼法”四编的合理结构莫定了罗马法、乃至现代民法体系的框架基础。《法国民法典）、《德国民法典》是《法学阶梯》结构发展的典型代表。《日本民法典》、《苏俄民法典》以及中国近现代民法典,甚至英美法系主要国家英国、美国的民法也无不受其影响。《法学阶梯》结构的科学性、合理性从空间和时间看都是无容置疑的。     

Cooperative Mechanism of Supply Chain Under Asymmetric Information

Abstract: The cooperative mechanism is one main issue in the decentralized supply chain system, especially in an asym-metric information structure. We analyze the non-cooperative game behavior of a 2-echelon distribution supply chain,compare the results with the system optimal solution, and give the supplier dominated cooperative mechanisms. We alsoanalyze the validity of our contract under the asymmetric retailers' holding cost information and give some useful conclu-sions.     

The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer

All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in about ten per cent of tumours characterized by numerous mutations of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. Driver mutations were identified in several new cancer genes including AKT2, ARID1B, CASP8, CDKN1B, MAP3K1, MAP3K13, NCOR1, SMARCD1 and TBX3. Among the 100 tumours, we found driver mutations in at least 40 cancer genes and 73 different combinations of mutated cancer genes. The results highlight the substantial genetic diversity underlying this common disease.     

农药胁迫对杨树多酚氧化酶的影响

确定了杨树多酚氧化酶(PPO)测定的最佳条件为pH=4.0,温度5～30℃,时间1 min。利用试验得到的反应最适条件进一步研究了戊唑醇、多菌灵、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)和阿维菌素4种农药对杨树PPO活性的影响。结果表明:不同的药剂对杨树PPO的影响不同,200和400 mg/L戊唑醇可诱导杨树PPO活性升高;100、200和400 mg/L多菌灵对杨树PPO活性升高具有明显的诱导作用;400 mg/L甲维盐对杨树PPO活性升高具有诱导作用;400和800 mg/L阿维菌素能够诱导杨树PPO活性升高。     

差分格式及限制器对双椭球数值模拟的影响

为探究差分格式和限制器对高超声速热流密度计算结果的影响,以N-S方程为基本控制方程,采用FDS的Roe格式、FVS的van Leer格式对双椭球模型进行了数值模拟,并采用Roe格式选取min mod、van Leer、Osher_C三种限制器对双椭球进行了进一步数值模拟.研究了不同空间差分格式、不同限制器对双椭球压力、气动热数值模拟结果的影响,并对双椭球模型的流场进行了相关分析.研究结果表明:差分格式和限制器对压力系数影响不大,而对热流密度影响较大,采用minmod限制器的Roe格式计算精度最高.     

一类具脉冲控制策略捕食——食饵模型的持久性(英文)

本文考虑了一类脉冲捕食——食饵模型的害虫综合控制策略,应用定性分析方法,小摄动理论和比较定理,得到当脉冲周期大于某一阈值时,系统是持久.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and tectonic implications for Indosinian granitoids of southern Zhuguangshan granitic composite,South China

The large southern Zhuguangshan granitic batholith composite consists of granites with ages varying from the Caledonian through Indosinian to Yanshanian. Based on K-Ar dating data, the ages of the major parts of this composite were previously regarded as Yanshanian. In this study, the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating method has been adopted for six plutons, Ledong, Longhuashan, Dawozi, Zhaidi, Baiyun and Jiangnan, in the southern Zhuguangshan composite, in which the four plutons other than Baiyun and Jiangnan were previously regarded as Yanshanian granites. Magmatic zircons from these six plutons, dated by this study, have yielded ages of 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7), 239±4 Ma (MSWD = 3.2), 231±2 Ma (MSWD = 0.81) and 231±3 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), respectively. The results indicate that these plutons were formed by early Indosinian magmatism. Geochemical characteristics suggest that these granites were formed in an extensional tectonic environment. Therefore, the Indosinian period granites in the southern Zhuguangshan composite were formed by partial melting of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crustal components during the collapse of thickened lithosphere after the collision between the South China and Indosinian plates.     

Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou

The UV attenuation due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou was quantitatively assessed using surface ultraviolet radiation (UV,295-385 nm) observation,sun photometer and radiation models.Observations showed that the annual average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 1.19 in UV spectral region of 340 nm,the annual average occurrence frequency of aerosol optical depth AOD 340 nm >1.0 was 55%,and the annual average attenuation rate of surface UV direct radiation of 340 nm was 68%.It was proven in the observation of surface UV radiation and model evaluation that annual average attenuation of UV due to atmosphere was 75%,and that reached 72% in the dry season (October,November,December and January);while average attenuation of UV due to atmospheric aerosols reached 62% in the dry season.It was indicated that very significant UV attenuations due to atmospheric aerosols existed in Guangzhou urban agglomeration,and at least half of UV radiation was attenuated due to atmospheric aerosols.Such large-amplitude attenuation will have a significant impact on urban ecosystem and species chemical cycles,especially photochemical reaction processes.