Inconsistent idealizations and inferentialism about scientific representation

Inferentialists about scientific representation hold that an apparatus's representing a target system consists in the apparatus allowing “surrogative inferences” about the target. I argue that a serious problem for inferentialism arises from the fact that many scientific theories and models contain internal inconsistencies. Inferentialism, left unamended, implies that inconsistent scientific models have unlimited representational power, since an inconsistency permits any conclusion to be inferred. I consider a number of ways that inferentialists can respond to this challenge before suggesting my own solution. I develop an analogy to exploitable glitches in a game. Even though inconsistent representational apparatuses may in some sense allow for contradictions to be generated within them, doing so violates the intended function of the apparatus's parts and hence violates representational “gameplay”.     

沙能杂种山羊的生长发育研究

本研究对英国沙能山羊的杂种,进行了长达十数年的系列研究,不仅测定了一、二、三代杂种羊从初生到成年8个主要阶段的生长发育特点,而且将处于同等饲养条件下的父、母系品种作为对照,进行了同样测定,从而揭示了各代杂种羊的生长发育规律和体重体尺等性状的遗传特点。     

支持企业过程协同工作的过程监控方法

从监控角度出发研究并设计企业过程协同模型,支持企业过程协同运作.该模型将传统的以过程为核心的企业集成化模型中的协同模型扩展为企业决策模型、交互模型、协同行为控制规则、协同资源等价关系和过程监控模型.讨论了该模型所增加的过程监控模型,包括从模型到系统映射的关键技术,如扩展的协同模型中的监控对象、监控事件等概念与监控模型的一阶逻辑推理机制、事件处理机制等技术.同时,还设计了一个适合该模型的事件驱动的体系架构,通过实现原型验证了该监控方法的有效性.实验效果表明,该模型与方法能够很好地支持企业过程协同与运作.     

在沉浮中寻找个人存在——重读《春桃》、《玉官》

许地山在《春桃》、《玉官》中从道德和精神两个层面来描写对生命本体的关注,以一种人道主义精神来关注个人命运以及生存的价值。同时,虚无的宗教精神又让他把生活的悲喜看作生活的常态,消解着命运,在构建与消解中寻求包含着爱与善的生活。因此作为"五四"启蒙小说家把他的作品不仅适合当时社会,也同样可以启蒙着当今社会。     

基于传播学理论的农业旅游设施建设探究

设施既是满足旅游消费的功能性建筑,也是旅游信息传播的媒介,因此设施建设直接影响游客对农业旅游园区的满意度.笔者以苏南地区开发较为成熟的农业旅游地为例,从传播学的角度对旅游设施进行解读,指出农业旅游设施建设在注重功能化的基础上需加强景观化建设,并提出相关建议.     

Optimal Fuzzy PID Controller with Adjustable Factors and Its Application to Intelligent Artificial Legs

A new kind of optimal fuzzy PID controller is proposed, which contains two parts. One is an on-line fuzzy inference mechanism and another is a conventional PID controller. In the fuzzy inference mecha-nism, three adjustable factors χp, χi, and χd are introduced. Their function is to further modify and op-timize the result of the fuzzy inference to make the controller have the optimal control effect on a given ob-ject. The optimal values of these factors are determined based on the ITAE criterion and the flexible poly-hedron search algorithm of Nelder and Mead. This PID controller has been used to control a D.C. motor of the intelligent artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computer simulation indicates that the design of this controller is very effective and can be widely used to control different kinds of objects and processes.     

基于归纳学习的结构损伤识别方法研究

采用归纳学习方法来识别结构损伤．首先，通过对经典的决策树算法和序列覆盖算法进行结合与改进，得到一种高效且代价又小的归纳学习算法(RAC)，同时引入装袋算法产生多个分类法，并用它们进行类预测，而且使用选票策略得出最佳类预测．其次，用正交最小二乘迭代算法作为径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的学习方法，通过“信息一贡献”准则进行正交变换来优选中心．最后，对上述归纳学习方法用于梁结构损伤定位的效果进行了实验评估．结果表明，对于RAC算法和生成分类法的数目分别为10和50情况下的装袋算法，当损伤样本被噪声污染程度在100％时，识别精度均可达到90％以上，而对于RBF神经网络算法，只有当损伤样本被噪声污染程度小于70％时，识别精度才可达到90％以上。     

钢管高强混凝土柱的力学性能Ⅱ.长柱和偏压柱的力学性能

报导了钢管高强混凝土长柱和偏压柱力学性能试验的结果。研究表明，钢管高强混凝土长柱的承载能力和极限变形率随长细比Le／D的增大而下降。钢管高强混凝土偏压柱在相同的长细比下。随着偏心率的增加，试件的承载能力降低，纵向位移率降低。最后给出了钢管超高强混凝土长柱和偏压柱承载能力计算公式。     

Polymer Photovoltaic Cells

Polymer photovoltaic cells （PPVCs） have attracted much attention recently because of its easy fabrication, low cost and possibility to make flexible devices. PPVC is composed of a conjugated polymer/C60 blend layer （photosensitive layer） sandwiched between a transparent ITO electrode and a metal electrode. When a light through ITO electrode irradiates on the photosensitive layer, the photons with appropriate energy will be absorbed by the conjugated polymer （CP） and excitons （electron-hole pair） are produced. The excitons move to the interface of CP/60 where the electrons transfer to the LUMO of C60 and holes leave on the HOMO of the CP. The separated electrons migrate through the C60 network to and are collected by the metal electrode, and the holes migrate through the CP network to and are collected by the ITO electrode, so that the photocurrent and photovoltage are attained.     

开放边界双车道混合车辆交通流的研究

在NaSch模型的基础上,引入转道规则,建立了开放边界双车道混合车辆交通流模型．计算机数值模拟结果表明：混合车辆交通状态可分为快车特性区、准慢车特性区和慢车特性区,车辆混合比例对混合车辆交通流有重要的影响．