秋茄木榄繁殖体的结构及其生态特异性

秋茄、木榄繁殖体的解剖结构表明，伴随着胎萌现象的发生，胚胎在生长发育过程中结构上发生高度特化，子叶表面发达的吸收组织与子叶吸收作用密切相关；内生性胚根，可使幼嫩的根端免遭外界环境影响；胚轴内中柱鞘细胞的存在保证了植株具有发达的根系以适应海岸环境。结果表明，秋茄、木榄胚轴结构有趋同现象，两者角质层都较厚，皮层内通气组织发达，皮层薄壁细胞都呈网状纤维素加厚。     

Effects of porcine β-lipotropic hormone on lipid metabolism

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass ein aus Schweinehypophysen gewonnenes lipotropes Hormon (-LPH), in vitro und in vivo bei verschiedenen Tierarten untersucht, eine Erhöhung der Lipolyse herbeiführt. Die Wirkung war deutlich bei Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen und Schweinen, während bei Hunden, Ratten und Mäusen keine lipolytische Wirkung nachzuweisen war.     

Komplex-Stabilität und tuberkulostatische Aktivität einiger 8-Oxychinolinderivate

Summary Based on polarographic viz. spectrophotometric determinations of the stabilities of several Cu⁺⁺- and Co⁺⁺⁺ hydroxyquinolin complexes it has been shown that a correlation exists between the quotient of complex-stabilitiesK _Co ⁺⁺⁺ /K _Cu ⁺⁺ and antitubercular activity (cf. table and graph). This supports the hypothesis that the 8-hydroxyquinolin derivatives and analogues act by competitive antagonism; the Cu⁺⁺-hydroxy-quinolates are able to replace Co in a prosthetic group of Mycobacterium-enzyme with Cu.

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Vorgetragen an der Organisch-Chemischen Konferenz des Vereines ungarischer Chemiker, 27. September 1953.

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III. Mitteilung: Acta chim. Hungarica (im Druck).     

Genetic similarity between mates and extra-pair parentage in three species of shorebirds

Matings between close relatives often reduce the fitness of offspring, probably because homozygosity leads to the expression of recessive deleterious alleles. Studies of several animals have shown that reproductive success is lower when genetic similarity between parents is high, and that survival and other measures of fitness increase with individual levels of genetic diversity. These studies indicate that natural selection may favour the avoidance of matings with genetically similar individuals. But constraints on social mate choice, such as a lack of alternatives, can lead to pairing with genetically similar mates. In such cases, it has been suggested that females may seek extra-pair copulations with less related males, but the evidence is weak or lacking. Here we report a strong positive relationship between the genetic similarity of social pair members and the occurrence of extra-pair paternity and maternity ('quasi-parasitism') in three species of shorebirds. We propose that extra-pair parentage may represent adaptive behavioural strategies to avoid the negative effects of pairing with a genetically similar mate.     

电力系统实时动态安全评估及预警仿真系统的实现

以电力系统电网运行的动态行为为研究对象，提出建立以维持系统运行在安全区间、监视预想事故集下系统动态安全裕度以及确保系统安全可靠运行为目的的电力系统实时动态安全评估及预警仿真系统。该系统的设计框架是基于TCP／IP协议的C／S及B/S的运行模式，同时结合VisualStudio．Net、SQLServer2000、Shell编程、并行计算等软件平台及软件组件设计思想实现系统搭建。此系统不仅可灵活、方便地与现有的能量管理系统（EMS）进行集成，实现实时动态安全评估，而且可提供离线分析仿真平台，对系统进行更广泛、细致的分析研究。     

Quantifying social group evolution

The rich set of interactions between individuals in society results in complex community structure, capturing highly connected circles of friends, families or professional cliques in a social network. Thanks to frequent changes in the activity and communication patterns of individuals, the associated social and communication network is subject to constant evolution. Our knowledge of the mechanisms governing the underlying community dynamics is limited, but is essential for a deeper understanding of the development and self-optimization of society as a whole. We have developed an algorithm based on clique percolation that allows us to investigate the time dependence of overlapping communities on a large scale, and thus uncover basic relationships characterizing community evolution. Our focus is on networks capturing the collaboration between scientists and the calls between mobile phone users. We find that large groups persist for longer if they are capable of dynamically altering their membership, suggesting that an ability to change the group composition results in better adaptability. The behaviour of small groups displays the opposite tendency-the condition for stability is that their composition remains unchanged. We also show that knowledge of the time commitment of members to a given community can be used for estimating the community's lifetime. These findings offer insight into the fundamental differences between the dynamics of small groups and large institutions.     

A YAC-based physical map of the mouse genome.

A physical map of the mouse genome is an essential tool for both positional cloning and genomic sequencing in this key model system for biomedical research. Indeed, the construction of a mouse physical map with markers spaced at an average interval of 300 kb is one of the stated goals of the Human Genome Project. Here we report the results of a project at the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research to construct such a physical map of the mouse. We built the map by screening sequenced-tagged sites (STSs) against a large-insert yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library and then integrating the STS-content information with a dense genetic map. The integrated map shows the location of 9,787 loci, providing landmarks with an average spacing of approximately 300 kb and affording YAC coverage of approximately 92% of the mouse genome. We also report the results of a project at the MRC UK Mouse Genome Centre targeted at chromosome X. The project produced a YAC-based map containing 619 loci (with 121 loci in common with the Whitehead map and 498 additional loci), providing especially dense coverage of this sex chromosome. The YAC-based physical map directly facilitates positional cloning of mouse mutations by providing ready access to most of the genome. More generally, use of this map in addition to a newly constructed radiation hybrid (RH) map provides a comprehensive framework for mouse genomic studies.     

港式饮茶与香港人的身份认同

港式饮茶具有香港人身份认同的社会作用 ,它是香港人社会关系得以强化以及建构身份认同的文化领域。以饮茶为核心的物质文化和消费行为是都市人身份认同的重要组成部分。港式饮茶在香港表现出自助、自动和自由选拔的意识 ,成为官方文化和普及文化一致接受的香港人身份认同的象征