The utility F-box for protein destruction

A signature feature of all living organisms is their utilization of proteins to construct molecular machineries that undertake the complex network of cellular activities. The abundance of a protein element is temporally and spatially regulated in two opposing aspects: de novo synthesis to manufacture the required amount of the protein, and destruction of the protein when it is in excess or no longer needed. One major route of protein destruction is coordinated by a set of conserved molecules, the F-box proteins, which promote ubiquitination in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here we discuss the functions of F-box proteins in several cellular scenarios including cell cycle progression, synapse formation, plant hormone responses, and the circadian clock. We particularly emphasize the mechanisms whereby F-box proteins recruit specific substrates and regulate their abundance in the context of SCF E3 ligases. For some exceptions, we also review how F-box proteins function through non-SCF mechanisms.     

Heritable germline epimutation of MSH2 in a family with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Epimutations in the germline, such as methylation of the MLH1 gene, may contribute to hereditary cancer syndrome in human, but their transmission to offspring has never been documented. Here we report a family with inheritance, in three successive generations, of germline allele-specific and mosaic hypermethylation of the MSH2 gene, without evidence of DNA mismatch repair gene mutation. Three siblings carrying the germline methylation developed early-onset colorectal or endometrial cancers, all with microsatellite instability and MSH2 protein loss. Clonal bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing showed different methylation levels in different somatic tissues, with the highest level recorded in rectal mucosa and colon cancer tissue, and the lowest in blood leukocytes. This mosaic state of germline methylation with different tissue distribution could act as the first hit and provide a mechanism for genetic disease inheritance that may deviate from the mendelian pattern and be overlooked in conventional leukocyte-based genetic diagnosis strategy.     

一种采用混合进制的算术编码

针对许多实际应用中需要同时编码压缩来自多种不同符号集的数据,提出一种采用混合进制的算术编码,提高编码效率的同时增强了算术编码的抗误码扩散能力.从理论上分析了该算法并给出了实现过程.处理小波零树系数以及随机混合数据的实验结果表明,该算法明显优于单一进制的编码算法.     

疏水蛋白rHGFI与rHFBI的发泡能力研究

将巴斯德毕赤酵母异源表达出的疏水蛋白rHGFI和rHFBI修饰硅化玻璃后进行玻璃表面接触角测定.结果显示:蛋白处理的硅化玻璃表面由疏水变为亲水.蛋白溶液表面张力测定结果表明:rHGFI和rHFBI是表面活性非常强的蛋白,均可使表面张力降低.以常用的食品乳化剂酪蛋白酸钠为对照,检测rHGFI和rHFBI蛋白的发泡能力和泡沫稳定性.0.1%的rHGFI和rHFBI蛋白溶液发泡能力明显高于同浓度的酪蛋白酸钠溶液,rHFBI蛋白溶液的泡沫稳定性最佳.     

多酸衍生物非线性光学性质的理论研究新进展

近年来,分子基非线性光学材料因其优异的非线性光学特性受到了人们集中的关注,多金属氧酸盐具有多样的结构和良好的电子性质,作为优良的无机构筑模块参与到分子设计中,可以获得有较好应用前景的非线性光学材料.本文在微结构非线性光学材料方面综合概述了Keggin型和Lindqvist型多酸衍生物类非线性光学材料的理论研究及分子设计进展.     

几种植物分生组织细胞高尔基体的超微结构

应用电镜观察石刁柏胚芽、水仙幼叶、根尖和甜菊愈伤组织等分生细胞高尔基体、液泡以及内质网和细胞壁之间的联系,在高尔基体的形成面,由内质网芽生的运输小泡,分布于高尔基潴泡周围,高尔基潴泡末端扩大发展形成高尔基液泡,在分生细胞的大小液泡,是由高尔基潴泡末端扩大形成的,这些液泡合并形成中央液泡.在细胞壁的形成过程中,高尔基小泡沿着细胞壁边缘转移,并且与质膜融合。     

蒙古族的蒙古褶,上眼睑褶皱的分析研究

作者于1985年1月至5月调查了内蒙古自治区蒙古族人649例(男315例,女334例)蒙古褶,上眼睑褶皱。调查为随机取样,被调查者年龄在9—25岁之间。蒙古族人蒙古褶平均级(x±S.D.)为1.94±0.883,出现率为93.91％与我国其它民族相比,蒙古族人的蒙古褶出现率较高。蒙古族人上眼睑褶皱平均级为(x±S.D)1.21±1.032,出现率为71.10％,与我国其它民族相比,蒙古族人上眼睑褶皱平均级与出现率均较低。     

铁铬铝合金晶粒长大及合金中稀土元素

研究了不同稀土含量铁铬铝合金,在高温下晶粒长大及界面结构。结果表明:在1200℃以上高温,稀土组元(以La为主)对抑制合金的晶界长大有一定效果,La_2O_3可作为TiN相析出的形核中心,细小TiN质点可在晶界上出现,阻碍晶界迁移;在变温过程中,La向界而扩散,在晶界以La_2O_3形式出现,同时稀土加速氧穿过氧化膜向基体中渗透,导致Al_2O_3及La_2O_3在基体中形成。     

机械设计中的模糊规划模型及其解法

本文应用 Fuzzy 集理论,描述了机械设计中的模糊现象。提出了机械设计的 Fuzzy 最优化方法。并进一步论证了 Fuzzy 最优化可转化为普通规划问题。通过实例计算,证明了本文提出的方法是有效的。     

工业企业成本核算微机处理系统

本文扼要介绍一个实用性和通用性较强的微机成本核算系统及其在系统开发过程中所采取的技术措施。