Nanoparticle-based drug delivery: case studies for cancer and cardiovascular applications

Nanoparticles (NPs) comprised of nanoengineered complexes are providing new opportunities for enabling targeted delivery of a range of therapeutics and combinations. A range of functionalities can be included within a nanoparticle complex, including surface chemistry that allows attachment of cell-specific ligands for targeted delivery, surface coatings to increase circulation times for enhanced bioavailability, specific materials on the surface or in the nanoparticle core that enable storage of a therapeutic cargo until the target site is reached, and materials sensitive to local or remote actuation cues that allow controlled delivery of therapeutics to the target cells. However, despite the potential benefits of NPs as smart drug delivery and diagnostic systems, much research is still required to evaluate potential toxicity issues related to the chemical properties of NP materials, as well as their size and shape. The need to validate each NP for safety and efficacy with each therapeutic compound or combination of therapeutics is an enormous challenge, which forces industry to focus mainly on those nanoparticle materials where data on safety and efficacy already exists, i.e., predominantly polymer NPs. However, the enhanced functionality affordable by inclusion of metallic materials as part of nanoengineered particles provides a wealth of new opportunity for innovation and new, more effective, and safer therapeutics for applications such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which require selective targeting of the therapeutic to maximize effectiveness while avoiding adverse effects on non-target tissues.     

A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis

To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.     

φ-截曲率为常数的Sasaki统计流形中子流形的广义标准δ-Casorati曲率不等式

对φ-截曲率为常数的Sasaki统计流形中的子流形建立关于广义标准δ-Casorati曲率的不等式, 并给出不等式中等号成立的条件.     

融合门控机制的远程监督关系抽取方法

提出一种融合门控机制的远程监督关系抽取方法。首先在词级别上自动选择正相关特征, 过滤与关系标签无关的词级别噪声; 然后在门控机制内引入软标签的思想, 弱化硬标签对噪声过滤的影响; 最后结合句子级别的噪声过滤, 提升模型的整体性能。在公开数据集上的实验结果表明, 相对于句子级别噪声过滤方法, 所提方法的性能有显著提高。     

冬季道路养护场站空间布局优化研究

撒布融雪剂是国际上较常用的一种路面除冰雪的手段,可以通过降低冰雪融点清除积雪及积冰。优化储存融雪剂和融雪剂撒布车辆的场站布局可以提高养护作业的效率和减少作业成本,从而降低融雪剂对环境的影响。虽然场站布局属于战略层面的规划问题,但它必须有效考虑操作层面的车辆路径规划问题。本文基于选址-路径问题（Location-Routing Problem）建立冬季道路养护场站的选址模型,并用两阶段TABU禁忌搜索算法进行求解。长春市的案例分析结果证明了模型的有效性。     

基于GIS的江西省月湖区耕地后备资源宜耕性评价

综合考虑江西省月湖区耕地后备资源立地、土壤、管理3个方面的限制性因素,选出合适的参评指标,通过运行操作yaahp和Arcgis软件,对参评指标进行分级和赋值,根据评价综合得分,得出月湖区耕地后备资源宜耕情况以及相应的面积。本次评价结果:高度宜耕面积为217.08 hm2,中度宜耕面积为322.95 hm2,不宜耕面积为273.75 hm2。     

全钒液流电池电极材料的研究进展

介绍了全钒液流电池的结构、原理、特点及其发展过程,对制约全钒液流电池发展的电极材料这一关键组成作了论述.从电极材料的对比分析、电极改性方法的介绍及其电化学性能的优化机制等方面,综述了钒电池电极材料的发展过程及现状.     

磁性琼酯糖亲和吸附剂的合成与应用

采用反相悬浮包埋技术合成了粒径在43-295μm之间的磁性琼脂糖微球。磁性琼脂糖微球经环氧氯丙烷活化后，分别键合6-氨基已酸、氨基乙酸和乙二胺为间隔臂，用水溶性碳二亚胺为缩合剂，分别偶联对氨基苯甲脒、l-精氨酸甲酯和胍基已酸，制备了3种磁性亲和吸附剂，并用于尿激酶粗品的分离纯化。测定了活性回收率和比活提高倍数，并与以磁性葡聚糖为基质的磁性亲和吸附剂对尿激酶的纯化效果进行了对比。