全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10189篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 37篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 30篇 |
丛书文集 | 48篇 |
教育与普及 | 30篇 |
理论与方法论 | 24篇 |
现状及发展 | 3961篇 |
研究方法 | 522篇 |
综合类 | 5468篇 |
自然研究 | 168篇 |
出版年
2012年 | 151篇 |
2011年 | 325篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 168篇 |
2007年 | 208篇 |
2006年 | 192篇 |
2005年 | 214篇 |
2004年 | 210篇 |
2003年 | 190篇 |
2002年 | 205篇 |
2001年 | 429篇 |
2000年 | 437篇 |
1999年 | 294篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 269篇 |
1992年 | 252篇 |
1991年 | 201篇 |
1990年 | 230篇 |
1989年 | 192篇 |
1988年 | 185篇 |
1987年 | 190篇 |
1986年 | 201篇 |
1985年 | 264篇 |
1984年 | 201篇 |
1983年 | 163篇 |
1982年 | 135篇 |
1981年 | 140篇 |
1980年 | 144篇 |
1979年 | 325篇 |
1978年 | 263篇 |
1977年 | 215篇 |
1976年 | 191篇 |
1975年 | 195篇 |
1974年 | 206篇 |
1973年 | 176篇 |
1972年 | 206篇 |
1971年 | 245篇 |
1970年 | 303篇 |
1969年 | 229篇 |
1968年 | 226篇 |
1967年 | 194篇 |
1966年 | 223篇 |
1965年 | 149篇 |
1959年 | 75篇 |
1958年 | 123篇 |
1957年 | 81篇 |
1956年 | 58篇 |
1954年 | 62篇 |
1948年 | 57篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
851.
Following the suppression of renewal of rat taste cells by vinblastine sulphate, the preference for sucrose decreased markedly while the aversion to quinine did not change. The results suggest that the sensitivity of taste cells to sucrose decreases with their aging, but the sensitivity to quinine increases. 相似文献
852.
T R Snow 《Experientia》1976,32(12):1550-1551
The effect of insulin was examined with emphasis on the alteration in the force-frequency relation. The results show that insulin does not change the time to peak tension nor the time of contraction. The inotropic effect was significant and did not depend upon the frequency of stimulation. However, there was a definite dependence of the magnitude of the inotropic effect on temperature. Previous studies have indicated that the inotropic effect is not a result of increased substrate availability or changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. These results and those reported here are consistant with the hypothesis that insulin's inotropic effect is due to increases in intracellular Ca++. 相似文献
853.
Grace W. C. Cheung Andrea Kokorovic Tony K. T. Lam 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(18):3023-3027
Upon the entry of nutrients into the small intestine, nutrient sensing mechanisms are activated to allow the body to adapt
appropriately to the incoming nutrients. To date, mounting evidence points to the existence of an upper intestinal lipid-induced
gut–brain neuronal axis to regulate energy homeostasis. Moreover, a recent discovery has also revealed an upper intestinal
lipid-induced gut–brain–liver neuronal axis involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this mini-review, we will
focus on the mechanisms underlying the activation of these respective neuronal axes by upper intestinal lipids. 相似文献
854.
Neurotransmitter release at synapses between nerve cells is mediated by calcium-triggered exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles. Before fusion, vesicles dock at the presynaptic release site where they mature to a fusion-competent state. Here we identify Munc13-1, a brain-specific presynaptic phorbol ester receptor, as an essential protein for synaptic vesicle maturation. We show that glutamatergic hippocampal neurons from mice lacking Munc13-1 form ultrastructurally normal synapses whose synaptic-vesicle cycle is arrested at the maturation step. Transmitter release from mutant synapses cannot be triggered by action potentials, calcium-ionophores or hypertonic sucrose solution. In contrast, release evoked by alpha-latrotoxin is indistinguishable from wild-type controls, indicating that the toxin can bypass Munc13-1-mediated vesicle maturation. A small subpopulation of synapses of any given glutamatergic neuron as well as all synapses of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-containing neurons are unaffected by Munc13-1 loss, demonstrating the existence of multiple and transmitter-specific synaptic vesicle maturation processes in synapses. 相似文献
855.
A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
H Tsukaguchi T Tokui B Mackenzie U V Berger X Z Chen Y Wang R F Brubaker M A Hediger 《Nature》1999,399(6731):70-75
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is essential for many enzymatic reactions, in which it serves to maintain prosthetic metal ions in their reduced forms (for example, Fe2+, Cu+), and for scavenging free radicals in order to protect tissues from oxidative damage. The facilitative sugar transporters of the GLUT type can transport the oxidized form of the vitamin, dehydroascorbic acid, but these transporters are unlikely to allow significant physiological amounts of vitamin C to be taken up in the presence of normal glucose concentrations, because the vitamin is present in plasma essentially only in its reduced form. Here we describe the isolation of two L-ascorbic acid transporters, SVCT1 and SVCT2, from rat complementary DNA libraries, as the first step in investigating the importance of L-ascorbic acid transport in regulating the supply and metabolism of vitamin C. We find that SVCT1 and SVCT2 each mediate concentrative, high-affinity L-ascorbic acid transport that is stereospecific and is driven by the Na+ electrochemical gradient. Despite their close sequence homology and similar functions, the two isoforms of the transporter are discretely distributed: SVCT1 is mainly confined to epithelial systems (intestine, kidney, liver), whereas SVCT2 serves a host of metabolically active cells and specialized tissues in the brain, eye and other organs. 相似文献
856.
857.
858.
E A Rogaeva S Premkumar J Grubber L Serneels W K Scott T Kawarai Y Song D L Hill S M Abou-Donia E R Martin J J Vance G Yu A Orlacchio Y Pei M Nishimura A Supala B Roberge A M Saunders A D Roses D Schmechel A Crane-Gatherum S Sorbi A Bruni G W Small P M Conneally J L Haines F Van Leuven P H St George-Hyslop L A Farrer M A Pericak-Vance 《Nature genetics》1999,22(1):19-22
859.
Renin was found in the submandibular glands of male Quackenbush mice in concentrations higher than has been reported for any tissue of any strain or species. However, no renin-like activity could e detected in glands from male and female Wistar rats using either pH 5.8 or 7.4 for assay and a radioimmunoassay specific for renin's reaction product, angiotensin I. Rabbit submandibular glands contained renin. 相似文献
860.
Unidirectional rotary motion in a molecular system. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The conversion of energy into controlled motion plays an important role in both man-made devices and biological systems. The principles of operation of conventional motors are well established, but the molecular processes used by 'biological motors' such as muscle fibres, flagella and cilia to convert chemical energy into co-ordinated movement remain poorly understood. Although 'brownian ratchets' are known to permit thermally activated motion in one direction only, the concept of channelling random thermal energy into controlled motion has not yet been extended to the molecular level. Here we describe a molecule that uses chemical energy to activate and bias a thermally induced isomerization reaction, and thereby achieve unidirectional intramolecular rotary motion. The motion consists of a 120 degrees rotation around a single bond connecting a three-bladed subunit to the bulky remainder of the molecule, and unidirectional motion is achieved by reversibly introducing a tether between the two units to energetically favour one of the two possible rotation directions. Although our system does not achieve continuous and fast rotation, the design principles that we have used may prove relevant for a better understanding of biological and synthetic molecular motors producing unidirectional rotary motion. 相似文献