城市街道灰尘重金属类环境激素镉污染及防治对策

通过对城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染状况、潜在危害和防治对策等进行分析研究,发现城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染的来源较复杂,镉通常呈现在汽油、润滑油、工业和焚烧炉的排放物里;城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染危害人类的身体健康,破坏生态系统;城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染研究为城市生态环境调控及城市的可持续发展提供基础资料和科学决策依据;提高人们加强防治镉污染,保护生态环境的意识.     

基于压缩感知的自适应匹配追踪算法优化

针对基于压缩感知的稀疏自适应匹配追踪(sparsity adaptive matching pursuit,SAMP)算法运行效率低的问题,给出了一种优化的自适应匹配追踪(modified adaptive matching pursuit,MAMP)算法.该算法在支撑集选择过程中对稀疏度进行了初步估计,并优化了迭代停止的条件.实验表明,该算法相比于SAMP有更快的收敛速度,并且实现更优的重建效果.     

硅氢反应合成有机硅蜡

在铂络合物催化剂的作用下,以高碳数烯烃化合物和含氢硅油为原料,利用硅氢加成反应合成有机硅蜡。研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对Si-H键转化率和产物运动粘度的影响。确定最佳反应条件为：烯键与硅氢健摩尔比n（C—C）：n（Si—H）-1．12：1、铂催化剂用量3．2μg／g、反应温度130℃、反应时间8h。并对合成产物的分子结构进行了红外、核磁表征,结果表明长链烷基已被接枝到聚硅氧烷主链中。     

Demography of the Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii , from the central Chihuahuan Desert

The demography of a population of Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii , was examined from 2004 to 2006 in the canyon Las Piedras Encimadas, located in Gomez Palacio, Durango, México. Lizards were studied using a mark-recapture technique. Reproduction in females occurred between November and May, coinciding with dry conditions. Reproductive activity was highest (percent of females with vitellogenic follicles or embryos) in the middle of the dry season (November and December). Thirteen percent of females reached sexual maturity at an average age of 8.5 months. The population structure was similar in spring and fall, but not in summer. A notable feature of summer, coinciding with the wet season, was the greater number of hatchlings and juveniles. The overall sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. The density of adults varied from 12 to 62 animals ? 0.5 ha –1 . Temperate and arid-adapted populations of S. jarrovii exhibited broad similarity in timing of the reproductive season, whereas factors such as density, growth, age at sexual maturity, and survivorship differed.     

唇鱼骨基因组DNA提取与ISSR-PCR的优化

以唇鱼骨为材料,分别采用4种不同方法(CTAB法、SDS法、ROSE法及试剂盒)提取基因组DNA,并对影响PCR反应的模板DNA、引物、dNTPs、Mg2+、Taq酶浓度等主要因子进行了优化,建立了适合唇鱼骨基因组DNA的ISSR-PCR反应体系.25μL的PCR反应液含有的组分和终浓度分别为:约60 ng模板DNA,1.2 U Taq酶,0.4 μrnol/L引物,2.0 mmol/L MgCl2,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,2%甲酰胺.结果表明,利用优化反应体系对4种不同方法提取的DNA进行PCR扩增,均能得到较好的PCR扩增条带,以试剂盒法最佳,为淡水溪流性同属鱼类遗传多样性分析奠定了技术基础.     

二维圆柱层流绕流及其控制数值模拟

采用有限体积法求解二维N-S方程,通过改变时间、空间计算参数,对雷诺数100的二维圆柱非定常流场进行了数值模拟,将所得结果与实验数据以及已有的计算结果进行了对比.并对在尾部多个位置加入不同长度阻隔板控制流动的圆柱流场进行了考察.结果发现:在合适的位置放置阻隔板,可以有效抑制尾迹中涡脱落的形成.     

大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥肋缆索吊装施工技术

茅草街大桥为主跨368 m的自锚中承式钢管混凝土拱桥,在同类型桥型中跨度最大.主拱拱肋采用三跨缆索吊吊装施工,技术含量高,施工难度大,实践表明,茅草街大桥钢管拱肋缆索吊装施工较为成功,其经验值得为同类型桥梁施工借鉴.     

The p66shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response and life span in mammals

Gene mutations in invertebrates have been identified that extend life span and enhance resistance to environmental stresses such as ultraviolet light or reactive oxygen species. In mammals, the mechanisms that regulate stress response are poorly understood and no genes are known to increase individual life span. Here we report that targeted mutation of the mouse p66shc gene induces stress resistance and prolongs life span. p66shc is a splice variant of p52shc/p46shc (ref. 2), a cytoplasmic signal transducer involved in the transmission of mitogenic signals from activated receptors to Ras. We show that: (1) p66shc is serine phosphorylated upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or irradiation with ultraviolet light; (2) ablation of p66shc enhances cellular resistance to apoptosis induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet light; (3) a serine-phosphorylation defective mutant of p66shc cannot restore the normal stress response in p66shc-/- cells; (4) the p53 and p21 stress response is impaired in p66shc-/- cells; (5) p66shc-/- mice have increased resistance to paraquat and a 30% increase in life span. We propose that p66shc is part of a signal transduction pathway that regulates stress apoptotic responses and life span in mammals.     

The Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein mediates translational activation of ribosomes in yeast

The autosomal recessive disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, characterized by bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition, is caused by deficiency of the highly conserved Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein. Here, we identify the function of the yeast SBDS ortholog Sdo1, showing that it is critical for the release and recycling of the nucleolar shuttling factor Tif6 from pre-60S ribosomes, a key step in 60S maturation and translational activation of ribosomes. Using genome-wide synthetic genetic array mapping, we identified multiple TIF6 gain-of-function alleles that suppressed the pre-60S nuclear export defects and cytoplasmic mislocalization of Tif6 observed in sdo1Delta cells. Sdo1 appears to function within a pathway containing elongation factor-like 1, and together they control translational activation of ribosomes. Thus, our data link defective late 60S ribosomal subunit maturation to an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with leukemia predisposition.