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101.
 水体污染治理实践表明,水环境质量要从根本上得到改善,需要从区域甚至流域尺度开展系统规划和综合治理。地表水质模型是水环境综合治理方案优化论证的核心技术手段。介绍了地表水质模型从解决水体黑臭到提高水生态质量的4个阶段发展历程,并从经济社会发展和技术驱动两方面展望了水质模型的发展前景。  相似文献   
102.
谐波小波样本熵与HMM模型的轴承故障模式识别   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据谐波小波分解非平稳振动信号优良特性与隐马尔科夫(HMM)模型的时序模式分类能力,提出了一种基于谐波小波样本熵与HMM模型结合的轴承故障模式识别方法.该方法首先利用谐波小波对轴承各个状态故障信号进行分解,进而由谐波小波三维时频网格图的频率层数特征计算合理的样本熵维数和阈值,依次提取轴承振动信号各层的样本熵构成特征向量序列;然后将序列前120组输入HMM模型中进行训练得到对应故障模型,剩余80组进行测试与识别,通过对比对数似然估计概率输出值确定轴承故障类型.实验通过与BP和RBF神经网络模型进行不同训练组数的正确识别率对比,验证了该组合方法具有识别准确率高,稳定性强的优点.  相似文献   
103.
<正>获得资助的最简单途径之一,是讲述一个关于你的研究成果的简单故事;然而,这件事情却又是最难做的--  相似文献   
104.
Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Medulloblastoma encompasses a collection of clinically and molecularly diverse tumour subtypes that together comprise the most common malignant childhood brain tumour. These tumours are thought to arise within the cerebellum, with approximately 25% originating from granule neuron precursor cells (GNPCs) after aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway (hereafter, SHH subtype). The pathological processes that drive heterogeneity among the other medulloblastoma subtypes are not known, hindering the development of much needed new therapies. Here we provide evidence that a discrete subtype of medulloblastoma that contains activating mutations in the WNT pathway effector CTNNB1 (hereafter, WNT subtype) arises outside the cerebellum from cells of the dorsal brainstem. We found that genes marking human WNT-subtype medulloblastomas are more frequently expressed in the lower rhombic lip (LRL) and embryonic dorsal brainstem than in the upper rhombic lip (URL) and developing cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intra-operative reports showed that human WNT-subtype tumours infiltrate the dorsal brainstem, whereas SHH-subtype tumours are located within the cerebellar hemispheres. Activating mutations in Ctnnb1 had little impact on progenitor cell populations in the cerebellum, but caused the abnormal accumulation of cells on the embryonic dorsal brainstem which included aberrantly proliferating Zic1(+) precursor cells. These lesions persisted in all mutant adult mice; moreover, in 15% of cases in which Tp53 was concurrently deleted, they progressed to form medulloblastomas that recapitulated the anatomy and gene expression profiles of human WNT-subtype medulloblastoma. We provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct cellular origins. Our data provide an explanation for the marked molecular and clinical differences between SHH- and WNT-subtype medulloblastomas and have profound implications for future research and treatment of this important childhood cancer.  相似文献   
105.
Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity in Drosophila   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Gegear RJ  Casselman A  Waddell S  Reppert SM 《Nature》2008,454(7207):1014-1018
Although many animals use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation, the precise biophysical mechanisms underlying magnetic sensing have been elusive. One theoretical model proposes that geomagnetic fields are perceived by chemical reactions involving specialized photoreceptors. However, the specific photoreceptor involved in such magnetoreception has not been demonstrated conclusively in any animal. Here we show that the ultraviolet-A/blue-light photoreceptor cryptochrome (Cry) is necessary for light-dependent magnetosensitive responses in Drosophila melanogaster. In a binary-choice behavioural assay for magnetosensitivity, wild-type flies show significant naive and trained responses to a magnetic field under full-spectrum light ( approximately 300-700 nm) but do not respond to the field when wavelengths in the Cry-sensitive, ultraviolet-A/blue-light part of the spectrum (<420 nm) are blocked. Notably, Cry-deficient cry(0) and cry(b) flies do not show either naive or trained responses to a magnetic field under full-spectrum light. Moreover, Cry-dependent magnetosensitivity does not require a functioning circadian clock. Our work provides, to our knowledge, the first genetic evidence for a Cry-based magnetosensitive system in any animal.  相似文献   
106.
Bensinger SJ  Tontonoz P 《Nature》2008,454(7203):470-477
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107.
108.
Pathogenic bacteria often use effector molecules to increase virulence. In most cases, the mode of action of effectors remains unknown. Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) secrete syringolin A (SylA), a product of a mixed non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthetase, in planta. Here we identify SylA as a virulence factor because a SylA-negative mutant in Pss strain B728a obtained by gene disruption was markedly less virulent on its host, Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). We show that SylA irreversibly inhibits all three catalytic activities of eukaryotic proteasomes, thus adding proteasome inhibition to the repertoire of modes of action of virulence factors. The crystal structure of the yeast proteasome in complex with SylA revealed a novel mechanism of covalent binding to the catalytic subunits. Thus, SylA defines a new class of proteasome inhibitors that includes glidobactin A (GlbA), a structurally related compound from an unknown species of the order Burkholderiales, for which we demonstrate a similar proteasome inhibition mechanism. As proteasome inhibitors are a promising class of anti-tumour agents, the discovery of a novel family of inhibitory natural products, which we refer to as syrbactins, may also have implications for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Homologues of SylA and GlbA synthetase genes are found in some other pathogenic bacteria, including the human pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. It is thus possible that these bacteria are capable of producing proteasome inhibitors of the syrbactin class.  相似文献   
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