Fat-mobilizing substance in the urine of patients with diabetes and with pituitary diseases and the effect of insulin on its action

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass beim Sheehan-Syndrom, trotz herabgesetzter Kalorienzufuhr, im Urin die fettmobilisierende Substanz (Chalmers) fehlt. Bei Akromegalie, teilweise auch beim Diabetes erwies sich der Urinextrakt bei normaler Di?t als aktiv. Eine gleichzeitige Insulinzufuhr verhinderte die fettmobilisierende Wirkung.      

A somatotopic organization of leg afferents in the spiderCupiennius salei Keys. (Araneae,Ctenidae)

Summary Axonal anterograde degeneration after ablation of different leg segments of the spiderCupiennius salei was traced using LM-and EM-methods. The pattern of degeneration seen in cross sections of the leg nerves close to their entry into the subesophageal ganglion shows a somatotopic organization of afferents within the leg nerves coming from different leg segments. All afferents run through the ventral part of the nerve.Acknowledgment. We thank Dr E.A. Seyfarth for helpful discussions. Parts of the study were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (W.G., SFB45/A1).     

Munc13-1 is essential for fusion competence of glutamatergic synaptic vesicles.

Neurotransmitter release at synapses between nerve cells is mediated by calcium-triggered exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles. Before fusion, vesicles dock at the presynaptic release site where they mature to a fusion-competent state. Here we identify Munc13-1, a brain-specific presynaptic phorbol ester receptor, as an essential protein for synaptic vesicle maturation. We show that glutamatergic hippocampal neurons from mice lacking Munc13-1 form ultrastructurally normal synapses whose synaptic-vesicle cycle is arrested at the maturation step. Transmitter release from mutant synapses cannot be triggered by action potentials, calcium-ionophores or hypertonic sucrose solution. In contrast, release evoked by alpha-latrotoxin is indistinguishable from wild-type controls, indicating that the toxin can bypass Munc13-1-mediated vesicle maturation. A small subpopulation of synapses of any given glutamatergic neuron as well as all synapses of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-containing neurons are unaffected by Munc13-1 loss, demonstrating the existence of multiple and transmitter-specific synaptic vesicle maturation processes in synapses.     

Die mechanischen Entropie- und Disgregationskonzepte aus dem 19. Jahrhundert: ihre Grundlagen,ihr Versagen und ihr Entstehungshintergrund

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von S. Flügge Helmuth Temeschinko zum Gedächtnis     

Isoprenaline-like effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on mechanical, biochemical and electrophysiological parameters in the mammalian heart

The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) mimicked the effects of isoprenaline on the force of contraction, the cAMP content and the slow Ca++ inward current (Isi) in isolated guinea pig papillary muscles. The results support the hypothesis that phosphodiesterase inhibitors and beta-adrenoceptor agonists exert their positive inotropic effects by increasing Isi via the common mediator cAMP.     

Pinning Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators with Paired Topologies

This paper investigates the pinning synchronization of a group of coupled oscillators, where both the dissipative and restorative interactions are taken into consideration. The paired coupling topologies are introduced to capture this feature of the dynamics. To realize the synchronization of the coupled oscillators, the pinning control is introduced, and two pinning criteria are proposed to ensure the synchronization. Both these two proposed criteria provide sufficient and necessary conditions for pinning synchronization of the coupled oscillators with paired topologies. Simulation examples are illustrated to verify the proposed theoretical results.