Electrochemical behavior of gold and its associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions

Electrochemical measurements were conducted to study the electrochemical behavior of gold (Au) and its commonly associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions. The results indicated that without addition of any stabilizer, selective dissolution of Au from stibnite and pyrite was only possible at relatively low thiourea concentrations. As Na₂SiO₃ was added, pyrite started to become active and an oxidation peak appeared; the oxidation peaks of arsenopyrite and chalcocite appeared earlier than that of Au. The chalcocite peak shifted in the positive direction and the peak current increased. Stibnite did not show an oxidation peak and its current was nearly zero. Adding Na₂SiO₃ favored the selective dissolution of Au when its minerals were associated with chalcocite and stibnite. At pH 12, the Au anode dissolution peak current increased with stabilizer concentration. At 0.38 and 0.42 V and for Na₂SiO₃ concentration below 0.09 M, the current density continuously increased with Na₂SiO₃ concentration. The Na₂SiO₃ concentration had to be adequate to stabilize thiourea. When the potential was higher than 0.42 V, the surface of the Au electrode started to passivate. With an additional increase in potential, the presence of Na₂SiO₃ could not stop the inevitable decomposition of thiourea.     

Mineral-phase evolution and sintering behavior of MO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3 (M=Ca,Ba) glass-ceramics by low-temperature liquid-phase sintering

In this work, network former SiO₂ and network intermediate Al₂O₃ were introduced into typical low-melting binary compositions CaO·B₂O₃, CaO·2B₂O₃, and BaO·B₂O₃ via an aqueous solid-state suspension milling route. Accordingly, multiple-phase aluminosilicate glass-ceramics were directly obtained via liquid-phase sintering at temperatures below 950℃. On the basis of liquid-phase sintering theory, mineral-phase evolutions and glass-phase formations were systematically investigated in a wide MO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ (M=Ca, Ba) composition range. The results indicate that major mineral phases of the aluminosilicate glass-ceramics are Al₂₀B₄O₃₆, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, and BaAl₂Si₂O₈ and that the glass-ceramic materials are characterized by dense microstructures and excellent dielectric properties.     

重庆涪陵大气污染物特征及其与气象要素的关系

利用重庆涪陵2010—2014年空气质量监测数据和同期的气象资料,分析了涪陵地区大气污染物的变化情况与气象要素的相关关系.结果表明:涪陵从2010到2014年空气质量有变好趋势,迎宾大道和兴华中路的空气质量总体较好,AQI指数优良天数分别占87%和85.6%,PM_(10)为涪陵首要污染物.PM_(10),SO_2质量浓度具有周期性变化特征,从1月至12月为先降低后升高的趋势,每年较冷的12月、1月、2月PM_(10)质量浓度值较高,较热的月份质量浓度值较低.NO_2质量浓度年际间变化幅度较小.PM_(10)与气温、降水量、相对湿度、平均风速具有负相关性,与气压具有正相关,即气温越高、降雨量越大、气压越低、风速越大,PM_(10)质量浓度越低.SO_2,NO_2与气温、气压、降水量均为负相关,与相对湿度正相关.不同月份大气污染物与气象要素的相关性存在较大差异.     

我国扫描电镜产业的发展与预测研究

长期以来,全球电镜研发一直是美国、日本和德国三足鼎立,其中以日本日立公司、日本电子公司、美国FEI公司以及德国蔡司公司表现最为突出。而我国扫描电镜主要依靠进口,本文对韩国、日本、美国、德国等国家的产业发展经验进行研究,结合我国实际情况,分析我国扫描电镜产业的发展趋势,并提出促进我国扫描电镜产业发展的对策建议。     

雷公山聚筛蕊等三种地衣鉴别研究

对贵州省雷公山三种地衣进行鉴别研究。用化学显色反应法、微量结晶检验法、薄层层析法等方法研究地衣特性。鉴定出日本珊瑚枝Stereocaulon japonicum Th.Fr.、聚筛蕊Cladia aggregata(Sw.)Nyl.、孔叶衣Menegazzia terebrata(Hoffm.)A.Massal.3种地衣。将多种方法综合使用可以初步鉴定地衣药材,并为地衣药材的下一步研究开发奠定基础。     

从《唐摭言》看《汉语大词典》的孤证问题

作为一部＂古今兼收,源流并重＂的大型工具书,《汉语大词典》为众多学者提供了便利。然而不得不说的是,这部书也存在一些弊端。从该部书完成编纂到目前使用将近四十年的时间里,它在语音、释义、引证、编纂体例等方面的疏漏也逐渐被发现。其中,孤证问题也是一个重大疏漏。探讨《汉语的词典》的孤证问题,有利于纠正对一些字词的认识和提高词典本身的质量。     

Guaranteed Cost Finite-Time Control of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Positive Switched Systems with D-Perturbations via MDADT

This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost finite-time control of fractionalorder nonlinear positive switched systems(FONPSS) with D-perturbation. Firstly, the proof of the positivity of FONPSS with D-perturbation is given, the definition of guaranteed cost finite-time stability is firstly given in such systems. Then, by constructing linear copositive Lyapunov functions and using the mode-dependent average dwell time(MDADT) approach, a static output feedback controller is constructed, and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is guaranteed cost finite-time stable(GCFTS). Such conditions can be easily solved by linear programming. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An empirical investigation on the risk-return relationship of carbon future market

This paper examines the risk-return relationship for the carbon future market during Phases I, II and III of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The risk factors derived from the newly developed LSW model, are embedded into a GARCH framework. This new specification is compared with several GARCH-M type models analyzing the risk-return relationship in the carbon market. The results show that the new specification consistently achieves a good fit and possesses superior explanatory power for the European Union Allowance (EUA) data. Some policy suggestions regarding market efficiency are also provided.     

模拟增温对松嫩草地羊草有性生殖策略影响的研究

通过连续3年的模拟增温实验,探讨了东北松嫩草甸草原单优种羊草的有性生殖策略对大气温度增加的响应.结果表明:增温使羊草物候期从抽穗期开始比对照提前,尤其是从第一花粉囊外露之后到果实成熟期,物候期均比对照明显提前5～7d.增温降低了单位面积的生殖枝数量,但使生殖枝单株重量、每穗小花数、结实粒数、籽粒重量都显著增加.种群水平上,用于有性生殖的总能量减少,但单株水平上,用于籽粒发育的能量增加.羊草这一多年生根茎型禾草在大气温度升高的条件下会采取减少生殖枝数量而增加生殖枝结实能力的繁殖策略,说明类似于羊草的多年生根茎型禾草在温度变化的条件下生殖策略会发生较大改变,多年的持续增温可能导致种子产量的持续降低.