Effect of electroslag remelting and homogenization on hydrogen flaking in AMS-4340 ultra-high-strength steels

Hydrogen flakes and elemental segregation are the main causes of steel rejection. To eliminate hydrogen flaking, the present study focuses on the manufacture of AMS-4340 ultra-high-strength steel through an alternate route. AMS-4340 was prepared using three different processing routes. The primary processing route consisted of melting in an electric arc furnace, refining in a ladle refining furnace, and vacuum degassing. After primary processing, the heat processes(D1, D2, and D3) were cast into cylindrical electrodes. For secondary processing, electroslag remelting(ESR) was carried out on the primary heats to obtain four secondary heats: E1, E2, E3, and E4. Homogenization of ingots E1, E2, E3, and E4 was carried out at 1220°C for 14, 12, 12, and 30 h, respectively, followed by an antiflaking treatment at 680°C and air cooling. In addition, the semi-finished ESR ingot E4 was again homogenized at 1220°C for 6–8 h and a second antiflaking treatment was performed at 680°C for 130 h followed by air cooling. The chemical segregation of each heat was monitored through a spectroscopy technique. The least segregation was observed for heat E4. Macrostructure examination revealed the presence of hydrogen flakes in heats E1, E2, and E3, whereas no hydrogen flakes were observed in heat E4. Ultrasonic testing revealed no internal defects in heat E4, whereas internal defects were observed in the other heats. A grain size investigation revealed a finer grain size for E4 compared with those for the other heats. Steel produced in heat E4 also exhibited superior mechanical properties. Therefore, the processing route used for heat E4 can be used to manufacture an AMS-4340 ultra-high-strength steel with superior properties compared with those of AMS-4340 prepared by the other investigated routes.     

Studies in relation to endocrine exophthalmos: the biochemical composition of human retrobulbar connective tissue.

As part of studies on the pathogenesis of exophthalmos of Graves' disease, the biochemical composition of human retrobulbar tissue was investigated. The connective tissue was composed of 72.7% lipid, 23.8% water and 3.5% dried defatted tissue. Total tissue glycosaminoglycan (GAG) amounted to 0.18% of dried defatted tissue. Approximately 27% of the total hexosamine and 19% of the total tissue galactosamine were recovered in the GAG fraction. Cellulose microcolumn fractionation of GAG showed that the hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate were the two major GAG species.     

Post-infection changes in sugar and organic acid contents of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves

Zusammenfassung Die Infektion der Blätter vonCapsicum annuum undMangifera indica mit den BlattpilzenCurvularia ovoidea beziehungsweiselunata hat zur Folge, dass die freien Zucker Saccharose, Glukose und Fruktose verschwinden und dass der Gehalt an organischen Säuren (Apfelsäure, Zitronensäure, Oxalsäure) vermindert wird.     

Antihypertensive and central nervous system depressant properties of 3-(γ-p-fluorobenzoyl propyl) 2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1(H)-pyrazino(1,2-a) quinoline hydrochloride (compound 69-183, centpyraquin)

Zusammenfassung Centpyraquin (3-(-p-fluorobenzyl propyl) 2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1(H)-pyrazino (1,2-a) quinoline hydrochloride) zeigte hypotensive Aktivität bei narkotisierten wie auch bei wachen Katzen. Es senkt auch den Blutdruck bei Ratten mit nephrogenem Hochdurck. Die Hypotension scheint auf einem peripheren Mechanismus zu beruhen.

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Thanks are due to Drs.M. L. Dhar andN. Anand for their interest in the work.

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Communication No. 1600 from the Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow.     

Effects ofs-triazines on protein synthesis in leaves of peas (Pisum sativum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and on the ultrastructure of pea cotyledons

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass die Blattbehandlung mit subletaler Konzentration von Simazin, Propazin, Igran und Prometon die Protein-Synthese bei Erbse und Mais vermehrt. Die Blattbehandlung mit Simazin zerstörte die Ultrastruktur des Samenlappens bei der Erbse.

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This study was supported by the Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Grant No. 12-14-100-9903, administered by the Human Nutrition Division, Beltsville, Maryland.