城市化进程中的上海植被：多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅲ)：高度城市化影响下上海中心城区杂草区系特征

通过对上海中心城区城市杂草区系的调查,分析了高强度城市化影响下杂草的多样性状况,探讨了高异质性城市生境中杂草的适应特征.在所调查的260个杂草群落样方中,共出现杂草107种,隶属32科89属,其中禾本科和菊科两个多种科含种数最多,高比例的单种属表征了城市生境具有较高的异质性;在广适性杂草对城市生境普适性的基础上,生活周期短和适应性强是一年生杂草对高强度和高频度人为干扰生境的适应策略,城市干旱的特化生境提高了冬季一年生杂草的比例.     

基于GPU的地形遮挡剔除算法

针对大规模地形场景，以GPU提供的遮挡查询功能为基础，提出了一种基于GPU的遮挡剔除算法。根据增量水平线原理，利用模板缓冲区进行重叠测试，并采用查询列表方法避免了CPU和GPU互相等待造成的延迟。实验结果表明，该算法有效地减少了送入图形流水线的几何数据，并在贴地漫游的情况下，显著提高了场景绘制速度。     

Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) extends the lifespan of diverse species including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. In these organisms, lifespan extension is dependent on Sir2, a conserved deacetylase proposed to underlie the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. Here we show that resveratrol shifts the physiology of middle-aged mice on a high-calorie diet towards that of mice on a standard diet and significantly increases their survival. Resveratrol produces changes associated with longer lifespan, including increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) levels, increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) activity, increased mitochondrial number, and improved motor function. Parametric analysis of gene set enrichment revealed that resveratrol opposed the effects of the high-calorie diet in 144 out of 153 significantly altered pathways. These data show that improving general health in mammals using small molecules is an attainable goal, and point to new approaches for treating obesity-related disorders and diseases of ageing.     

综放沿空留巷围岩控制机理

采用适于分析岩层断裂和垮落的数值分析软件UDEC建立相应的数值分析模型,分析了留巷前巷道支护形式、充填体宽度、充填方式、充填体强度和端头不放顶煤长度等对综放沿空留巷的作用和效果.研究结果表明:留巷顶板下沉是老顶回转运动与围岩变形的综合反映;充填体上方顶煤位移由老顶岩层运动引起,由浮煤和充填体压缩变形以及充填体承载前预留变形量3部分组成;留巷前巷道支护形式无法控制老顶回转量,但锚网支护巷道留巷效果比架棚巷道好;端头留设一定长度的顶煤不放,有利于老顶回转触矸后形成具有自稳能力的承栽结构.当采用综放沿空留巷时,在保证顶煤及项板稳定前提下,合理利用围岩移动规律,确定合理充填方式和充填体强度,就能保证充填体稳定,达到很好的留巷效果.