The neuronal sortilin-related receptor SORL1 is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease

The recycling of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) from the cell surface via the endocytic pathways plays a key role in the generation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) in Alzheimer disease. We report here that inherited variants in the SORL1 neuronal sorting receptor are associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease. These variants, which occur in at least two different clusters of intronic sequences within the SORL1 gene (also known as LR11 or SORLA) may regulate tissue-specific expression of SORL1. We also show that SORL1 directs trafficking of APP into recycling pathways and that when SORL1 is underexpressed, APP is sorted into Abeta-generating compartments. These data suggest that inherited or acquired changes in SORL1 expression or function are mechanistically involved in causing Alzheimer disease.     

基于HMM的多维数据下扶贫对象状态预测

针对扶贫领域中贫困、脱贫和返贫状态预测不准确,影响状态变迁的关键因素难以识别的问题,从扶贫基础数据和多个行业数据中提取8个关键特征和22个观测状态,构建观察状态和隐含状态关联关系,建立扶贫对象状态预测隐马尔可夫模型(hidden markov model,HMM)。以某深度贫困县连续3年的数据为样本,进行参数训练、测试实验和结果验证,结果表明该方法对返贫、贫困和脱贫状态有较强的预测能力,误差率较低,且能准确识别出影响返贫的关键要素。该方法对指导精准扶贫工作具有非常重要的实际意义。     

Lawson-Mislove问题的一个必要条件

借助于Dcpo上的Scott拓扑,引进Scott吸收Dcpo的概念,并证明了函数空间上Scott拓扑与Isbell拓扑一致的必要条件是该函数空间的值域Dcpo是Scott吸收的.结果表明,Scott吸收性是Lawson-Mislove问题的一个必要性刻画.     

基于模型的多目标优化问题方法研究

基于模型的多目标优化方法目的是创新一种通过黑箱评估的多目标函数优化算法,该算法从解空间上的混合分布中迭代生成候选解,并根据采样解的控制数来更新混合分布,求解过程的搜索偏向于Pareto最优解的集合。算法在解空间上寻找混合分布,使得混合分布的每个分量都是以帕累托最优解为中心的简并分布,并且每个预计的Pareto最优解都通过一个阈值距离均匀地分布在Pareto最优解集上,实验通过几个基准函数和方法证明了该算法的性能。     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

Genome-wide association and linkage identify modifier loci of lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis at 11p13 and 20q13.2

A combined genome-wide association and linkage study was used to identify loci causing variation in cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. We identified a significant association (P = 3.34 × 10(-8)) near EHF and APIP (chr11p13) in p.Phe508del homozygotes (n = 1,978). The association replicated in p.Phe508del homozygotes (P = 0.006) from a separate family based study (n = 557), with P = 1.49 × 10(-9) for the three-study joint meta-analysis. Linkage analysis of 486 sibling pairs from the family based study identified a significant quantitative trait locus on chromosome 20q13.2 (log(10) odds = 5.03). Our findings provide insight into the causes of variation in lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis and suggest new therapeutic targets for this life-limiting disorder.     

Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Here we sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with TCC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with TCC with different tumor stages and grades. In our study, we discovered a variety of genes previously unknown to be mutated in TCC. Notably, we identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with TCC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of TCC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer.     

正常脐血TCR Vα亚家族的分布和克隆性表达

目的:了解正常脐血中T细胞受体(TCR)Vα亚家族T细胞的分布和克隆性情况.方法:利用RT-PCR分别扩增10例正常脐血单个核细胞的TCR Vα29个亚家族基因,了解各Vα亚家族的利用情况.阳性的PCR产物进一步经荧光素标记和基因扫描分析产物的CDR3长度,了解T细胞的克隆性.9例健康成人外周血和T细胞株Jurkat作为对照.结果:正常脐血T细胞平均表达17.30±5.48个Vα亚家族,占全部家族的59.65%±18.89%,以Vα3,4,5,6,8,10,12,13,15,17,21和Vα25为多见,健康成人外周血T细胞则大部分表达Vα亚家族,Vα1,6和Vα13在脐血中的表达率高于健康成人对照组,而Vα14和Vα16的表达率则低于对照组.T细胞株Jurkat则仅表达Vα1亚家族.基因扫描显示10例脐血中有2例在Vα24和Vα28 T细胞出现寡克隆性,其余均为多克隆性.结论:脐血中TCR Vα亚家族T细胞分布存在倾斜性,绝大部分TCR Vα亚家族T细胞均呈多克隆性,极个别可出现寡克隆性.