强纲领对逻辑合理性的误批判

“强纲领”是埃丁堡科学知识社会学学派提出的研究知识社会成因的社会学形而上学理论。巴里.巴恩斯和大卫.布鲁尔是这个学派的理论家。他们把自己的纲领定位在“相对主义知识观”上,其批判的矛头直指科学哲学研究中的理性主义。他们的一个重要观点是,反对逻辑的合理性是人类理性活动的普遍合理性的标准。然而,他们的论证是有问题的。     

Paleomagnetic dating of the topmost terrace in Kouma,Henan and its indication to the Yellow River＇s running through Sanmen Gorges

In the east of Xiaolangdi, many river terraces are developed at the exit of the Yellow River Gorges. Among them the terraces in Kouma, Yanshi of Henan Province are most typical, where the Yellow River developed three staircase terraces, among which the altitude of gravel stratum of the topmost terrace is 30-35 m higher than the river level.The top of the gravel stratum was covered by 60 m eolian loess deposits which have many brownish-red paleosol strips.And the paleosol $14 is at its bottom. Research on systematic magnetostratigraphy and paleosol-loess matching indicates that the bottom age of the loess on the topmost terrace is 1165 ka. Therefore, it can be concluded that the terrace develops no later than 1.165 Ma and the situation that the Yellow River runs through Sanmen Gorges and inpours into East China Sea happened at least before 1.165 Ma.     

利用免疫进化网络的镍氢电池组荷电状态预测

针对电池组建模困难的情况,利用计算智能算法训练的前馈神经网络来预测荷电状态,选择电池组放电电流、最小单体电池电压和最小电压的导数,以及电池组平均温度作为神经网络的输入,荷电状态为网络的输出.在训练网络权值时,为了克服BP算法的缺陷,采用自适应并行免疫进化策略训练网络权值,在变功率运行工况下,通过对预测的和实际的荷电状态的比较,验证了所提出的神经网络预测精度可达到5%.     

改进液相还原法制备纳米零价铁颗粒

纳米零价铁颗粒具有优越的吸附性能和很高的还原活性,因此在环境污染的处理和环境修复领域应用广泛.采用一种改进液相还原法制备纳米零价铁颗粒,通过添加高分子分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和乙醇对纳米铁颗粒进行表面物理改性,从而达到改善其在水溶液中分散性的目的.实验过程中,机械搅拌条件下,将一定浓度的NaBH.水溶液(或乙醇-水混合溶液)迅速添加到一定浓度的FeSO,·7H2O水溶液(或乙醇-水混合溶液)中,短时间即可产生大量铁粉.过程无需氮气保护,反应迅速;采用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),比表面测定仪(BET)三种方法对制得的纳米铁颗粒进行表征.TEM表征的结果表明:颗粒分散较均匀,粒径小,平均粒径为60 nm(水溶液)和40 nm(乙醇-水混合溶液),实验过程中添加的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对颗粒的分散起到了很好的改善作用,其机理主要是通过分散剂吸附改变粒子的表面电荷分布,产生静电稳定效应,空间位阻作用和静电空间位阻稳定效应来达到分散效果;加入乙醇后,可能是由于乙醇中包含大量的自由的强极性羟基基团,在水溶液中这些基团与金属离子之间形成螯合键,紧密包覆在金属离子周围,形成一个有限制形状的有限结构,使合成的纳米粒子的大小被限制,从而达到改性的目的.XRD表征的结果表明:在扫描衍射角度(2θ)为30°～100°时,出现衍射峰时对应的2θ分别为45°、65°、82°左右,对照铁的标准PDF卡片发现,刚好对应相应的110晶面衍射(44.673 2°),200晶面衍射(65.021 1°),211晶面衍射(82.332 6°),同时通过布拉格方程及电子衍射花样的分析,均表明颗粒为单质铁,没有出现氧化铁杂质、纯度高.采用BET表征的结果表明:颗粒的比表面积为47.1 m2/g(水溶液)和68.41 m2/g(乙醇-水混合溶液),远远高于普通铁粉的比表面积.多次试验的结果表明:该方法工艺非常稳定.     

体外震波碎石术治疗尿路结石(附146例报告)

1991年5月至1992年5月,我院采用国产NE-Ⅳ型碎石机对146例尿路结石患者进行了229人次的原位碎石治疗。碎石成功率为98.63％,碎石术后3个月内肾上盏及肾盂排石率为68.99％,输尿管下段排石率为72.3％。本组结果表明,体外震波碎石治疗尿路结石安全、有效、并发症少。提高碎石疗效在于准确地B超定位及合理地选择适应症。     

Prediction of ventricular fibrillation based on nonlinear multi-parameter

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) caused by myocardial ischemia is one of the leading factors of death attributed to cardiovascular diseases. It is particularly significant to predict VF and gain valuable time for clinic therapy. Five dogs are taken as the research objects and a VF model is introduced. The nonlinear characteristics of the ECGs before and after VF are investigated with nonlinear multi-parameter analysis methods, Gaussian kernel (GK) correlation estimation algorithm and Lyapunov exponent estimation algorithm. Correlation entropy h2 is also presented. The results indicate that there are three parameters which will change at the same time with the conditions of myocardial ischemia,and any changes of a single parameter may be caused by other factors and mislead the judgment. Multi-parameter analysis is more reliable to reveal the heart conditions, and to predict VF without misjudgments.     

Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of combined therapy for reflux esophagitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical, Quality of Life (QoL) and medical cost outcomes in patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) receiving different "triple combination therapy". METHODS: A multicenter medical effectiveness trial conducted in 10 hospitals of 5 regions in Zhejiang Province. 248 patient-volunteers were assigned to 8 weeks of "triple combination therapy" with Lansoprazole plus Cisapride and Sucralfate or Ranitidine plus Cisapride and Sucralfate. Main outcomes assessment included symptoms scale scores, RE severity, QoL at baseline and 8 weeks. Medical cost data were collected with cost analysis questionnaire. RESULTS: (1) More Lansoprazole group patients noted RE symptoms resolution than Ranitidine group (92.3% vs 78.4%, P<0.01). There was no striking difference between two groups in RE healing rate (90.8% vs 82.9%, P>0.05). (2) RE significantly impaired QoL of patients (P<0.001). Compared with Ranitidine group, QoL in Lansoprazole group had significant improvement (rate of "good" QoL 64.5% vs 45.6%, P<0.01). (3) There was close correlation between symptomic effectiveness and QoL rating scale in both the Lansoprazole and Ranitidine group (P<0.01, r=0.235 and 0.353 respectively). There were no statistical difference of medical cost between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: RE significantly impaired QoL of patients. "Triple combination therapies" can significantly improve RE symptoms and QoL. Lansoprazole combination therapy was more cost-effective than Ranitidine combination group.     

假日经济与河南旅游资源开发

假日经济已成为国民经济增长的新亮点。目前,执假日经济牛耳的首推假日旅游经济。河南为人口大省,内陆交通发达,有得天独厚的人文、自然旅游资源,孕育着极大的市场发展潜力,因此要抓住假日经济带来的历史机遇,培育河南省假日旅游市场,完善旅游法规,建立专业休闲旅游服务体系,研制制定经营策略,使旅游业成为河南省拉动经济增长、刺激消费的支柱产业。     

浅谈婴幼儿的饮食护理

婴幼儿的健康成长离不开营养。它是孩子学龄期体格发育的基础，还可以直接影响智力发育，因此，供给适合于小儿生理特点的营养是促进小儿健康成长的重要环节。为有利于婴幼儿的成长，避免发生营养缺乏性疾病，我们作为专业的护理人员，应充分做好宣教，文章将从几个方面浅谈婴幼儿的饮食护理。     

时滞微分方程稳定性理论中不等式方法的新发展

本文从3个方面评述了有关不等式方法,在时滞系统稳定性理论中应用的发展情况.