王夫之艺术概括论简评

王夫之提出“含吐精微,锻炼高卓”的艺术观点。本从他着眼的诗意锤炼、素材选择、辞熔铸三个角度,阐发、评析王夫之的艺术概括论,并分析他所揭示的“居约致弘”的学理论内涵。     

中国芯片发展现状（二）

系统地总结和介绍了我国计算机芯片的发展现状，以及产品的开发研制情况，大致包括以下几个主要系列：“星光”系列芯片、“方舟”系列芯片、“汉芯”系列芯片、“众志”系列芯片、“神芯”系列芯片和“龙芯”系列芯片。     

真养产碱杆菌H16突变株利用葡萄糖为碳源高产聚-β-羟基丁酸的研究

利用常规紫外诱变技术〔１〕，处理真养产碱杆菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ）Ｈ１６，采用葡萄糖为碳源的选择培养基进行筛选，获得了能高效利用葡萄糖为碳源高产聚－β－羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）的突变菌株。摇瓶试验表明，该突变株能利用多种碳源积累ＰＨＢ，ＰＨＢ积累量达６．７ｇ／Ｌ。     

Synthesis of the H-cluster framework of iron-only hydrogenase

The metal-sulphur active sites of hydrogenases catalyse hydrogen evolution or uptake at rapid rates. Understanding the structure and function of these active sites--through mechanistic studies of hydrogenases, synthetic assemblies and in silico models--will help guide the design of new materials for hydrogen production or uptake. Here we report the assembly of the iron-sulphur framework of the active site of iron-only hydrogenase (the H-cluster), and show that it functions as an electrocatalyst for proton reduction. Through linking of a di-iron subsite to a {4Fe4S} cluster, we achieve the first synthesis of a metallosulphur cluster core involved in small-molecule catalysis. In addition to advancing our understanding of the natural biological system, the availability of an active, free-standing analogue of the H-cluster may enable us to develop useful electrocatalytic materials for application in, for example, reversible hydrogen fuel cells. (Platinum is currently the preferred electrocatalyst for such applications, but is expensive, limited in availability and, in the long term, unsustainable.).     

Hall-effect evolution across a heavy-fermion quantum critical point

A quantum critical point (QCP) develops in a material at absolute zero when a new form of order smoothly emerges in its ground state. QCPs are of great current interest because of their singular ability to influence the finite temperature properties of materials. Recently, heavy-fermion metals have played a key role in the study of antiferromagnetic QCPs. To accommodate the heavy electrons, the Fermi surface of the heavy-fermion paramagnet is larger than that of an antiferromagnet. An important unsolved question is whether the Fermi surface transformation at the QCP develops gradually, as expected if the magnetism is of spin-density-wave (SDW) type, or suddenly, as expected if the heavy electrons are abruptly localized by magnetism. Here we report measurements of the low-temperature Hall coefficient (R(H))--a measure of the Fermi surface volume--in the heavy-fermion metal YbRh2Si2 upon field-tuning it from an antiferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state. R(H) undergoes an increasingly rapid change near the QCP as the temperature is lowered, extrapolating to a sudden jump in the zero temperature limit. We interpret these results in terms of a collapse of the large Fermi surface and of the heavy-fermion state itself precisely at the QCP.     

灵感思维探析

以两个数学创造发明的灵感为先导,探析了灵感思维的特征及灵感产生的条件。     

一种自适应小目标图像分割方法

将遗传算法用于小目标图像分割,提出了目标在图像中所占比例的可能范围参数,并结合P-tile法和直方图熵法得到一种新的适应目标分割方法,该方法克服了传统P-tile法要求己知目标所占确切比例的缺陷,并利用遗传算法能自动在搜索空间内快速寻优的特点,可以推广到包含任意大小目标的图像分割问题上,用户可选择目标占整个图像面积的不同的“最小百分比”和“最大百分比”参数进行反复操作,得到多个不同结果,然后对这些结果做后续分析（如数据融合分析）,从而得到更加准确的判断,试验结果表明,该方法具有良好的分割质量,运算速度提高21.5%。     

一类非线性函数方程组连续解的存在性与唯一性

本文利用Seidel迭代方法给出一类非线性函数方程组在某一特殊函数类中解的存在性和唯一性定理。     

花背蟾蜍卵母细胞体外成熟过程的细胞学研究

采用体外跌卵和石蜡切片的方法，对激素诱导下花背蟾蜍卵母细胞的体外成熟过程进行了细胞学研究．结果表明：花背蟾蜍卵母细胞与激素接触１５ｈ可达到生理上的成熟，即第二次成熟分裂中期．在此过程中，卵母细胞的核、质及卵膜均经历了一系列复杂的形态学变化，其中与激素接触１０～１２ｈ期间是卵母细胞形态发生变化最显著的时期