基于动载荷模拟的半刚性沥青路面响应分析

提出了一种基于虚拟样机和有限元技术的半刚性沥青路面动载荷响应分析方法,可准确计算重型货车各轴的动载荷.分析动、静载荷共同作用下路面的应力、应变,有效预测路面疲劳寿命.依据车辆动力学原理,基于ADAMS平台构建重型货车一路面系统的多自由度虚拟样机模型,通过仿真得出第一轴右侧单轮和第三轴右侧双轮的动载荷变化规律;基于弹性层状体系理论建立半刚性沥青路面的3D黏弹性有限元模型,在考虑轮胎矩形印迹和动载荷动态性的基础上,分析和比较单、双轮载荷作用下的路面响应.研究结果表明,路面的疲劳破坏是动载荷引起的水平应力、横向应力和垂直应力共同作用的结果,水平应力的交变变化是破坏的主要因素;此外,重型货车的后轴双轮造成的路面疲劳断裂破坏为前轴单轮的3.96倍.     

纤维素热解机理的分子模拟及产物形成途径

为了从微观上确定纤维素热解主要产物的形成机理,对聚合度为10的纤维素单分子进行了分子动力学热裂解模拟,模拟发现温度上升到450K时,开始有羟基键断裂,随着温度的升高,在600K时糖苷键开始断裂形成纤维素单体,糖苷键断裂的同时也发现环状单体内部键断裂形成各种分子碎片。结合相关文献的实验结果,对模拟得到的各种分子碎片形成最终产物的可能途径进行了分析。     

网状光网络物理层智能实时监测保护设备设计

本文介绍了一种新型的适用于网状光网络物理层保护的智能实时监测保护设备的开发设计方案.设备采用基于双发选收模式的1+1保护设计方案,以ARM7系列微处理器S3C44B0X(ARM7TDMI内核)为硬件平台,移植U-Boot(作为Boot Loader)和嵌入式μCLinux操作系统到S3C44B0X上作为软件平台,在设备的光路设计中,利用M×N无阻塞型光开关矩阵或M×N严格无阻塞型(光开关+合波器)阵列实现保护光信号的选择接收和转发.设备的主要功能由在嵌入式μCLinux操作系统环境下运行的智能实时监测保护应用程序实现,应用程序的核心是利用保护光路径自动建立算法事先为每条工作光路径在保护光纤网络中寻找并建立对应的保护光路径.设备对工作光路径中的光功率进行实时监测,当工作光路径发生故障时,及时切换到保护光路径.本文最后以4节点光网状网为例,给出了保护光路径自动建立算法的仿真结果.本文中设计的智能实时监测保护设备是真正无人值守的适用于网状光网络物理层实时监测保护的设备,以全光保护方式实现了网状光网络的透明无阻断通信.     

Target location with signal fitting and sub-aperture tracking for airborne multi-channel radar

The location of a moving target based on signal fitting and sub-aperture tracking from an airborne multi-channel radar is dealt with. The proposed approach is applied in two steps: first, the ambiguous slant-range velocity is derived with a modified single-snapshot multiple direction of arrival estimation method, and second, the unambiguous slant-range velocity is found using a track-based criterion. The prominent advantage of the proposed approach is that the unambiguous slant-range velocity can be very large. Besides, the first stage is carried out at the determinate range-Doppler test cell by azimuth searching for fitting best to the moving target signal, therefore, the location performance would not be sacrificed in order to suppress clutter and/or interference. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated with a set of airborne experimental data.     

基于集成学习的碳酸盐岩储集体类型划分——以塔河油田T615井组为例

由于碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强、储集空间复杂多变、测井响应特征模糊,导致仅利用常规测井解释方法无法准确划分储集体类型。因此,将集成学习技术引入,以多种资料建立的测井响应模式为基础,提出一种结合Boosting和Bagging集成策略的改进方法应用于碳酸盐岩储集体类型划分中。采用AdaBoost.M2算法,以机器学习中的支持向量机、决策树、浅层神经网络为基分类器构建3个强学习器,并结合Bagging并行策略进行组合优化,得到储集体类型的最终划分结果。将该方法应用于塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层T615井组,结果表明:相较其他单分类器和基于同质基分类器的强分类器,本文方法的综合分类正确率最高,达92.3%,且对该井组的4类储集体的分类正确率均保持在90.0%左右,分类结果满足实际测井资料解释的精度要求,展现了集成学习技术在碳酸盐岩储集体类型划分中良好的应用效果。     

自适应加权修正的强弱信号Capon谱估计方法

Capon空间谱需要计算搜索方向矢量与训练样本协方差矩阵的广义内积值,要求有较高的协方差矩阵估计精度。在训练样本较少且同时存在强弱临近目标条件下,采样协方差矩阵存在较大估计误差,使得空间谱分辨性能严重下降。提出自适应加权修正的改进方法,所提方法在重构数据协方差矩阵基础上,首先利用最小二乘方法估计搜索信号强度并修正数据协方差矩阵,然后计算搜索方向矢量在相应修正的数据协方差矩阵的广义内积值,最后利用该广义内积值对传统Capon空间谱进行自适应加权处理,在保持高分辨性能的同时降低了对样本数的要求,提高了临近强弱目标的稳健性。理论分析和仿真结果表明所提方法在小训练样本条件下对临近强弱信号的分辨性能优于Capon方法。     

冬季海水养殖水域环境因子的变化对养殖海参的影响研究

2016年和2017年两个结冰期内对渤海某海水人工养殖池塘冰厚度的变化和冰盖下水体的温度、盐度、p H和溶解氧进行连续观测。冰厚采用超声测距仪定时测量,冰温、水温、盐度、溶解氧和p H分层观测。研究发现,盐度的变化与冰的生长密切相关,而冰厚度的变化主要受气温的控制,p H和溶解氧的变化与水温和光合作用相关,冰融化时p H和溶解氧变化浮动较大,冰融水起到了稀释作用,溶解氧浓度降低。可见,气温影响冰厚和水温,进而间接影响了盐度、p H和溶解氧。观测的养殖池塘水体溶氧含量一直大于8 mg·L-1,没有出现缺氧的情况。p H范围在7. 7～9. 0之间,没有出现异常。养殖池塘内的海参对盐度的耐受范围是20～35,而其栖息的水体底层的盐度,主要是在29. 022 7～34. 028 6间,仅当冰融化时,盐度最低值降到21. 074 8,但在之后再3～5 d内上升至29,可见,盐度的变化是在其可承受范围内。综上分析,温度是决定冬季海水养殖生物存活率的限制因素。     

平顶隧道下穿地下建筑物的影响研究

文章以青岛某段新建平顶隧道开挖为例,采用三维有限元方法对此段隧道的五导洞开挖方式进行数值模拟。新建隧道开挖过程中,地铁车站附属结构、地铁车站和地下商厦的附加内力和沉降会发生变化,甚至可能导致地下建筑物倾斜或倒塌,此外,地下建筑的自重和刚度也影响了地表土体的移动。鉴于此段新建隧道下穿地下建筑较为复杂,施工难度大,文章考虑整体因素,对隧道、地下建筑和地表之间的共同作用进行分析,为设计与施工提出合理建议,也为类似工程施工提供参考。     

Pollen record and environmental evolution of Caotanhu wetland in Xinjiang since 4550 cal. a BP

This paper presents a multi-proxy reconstruction of the climate change in Caotanhu wetland using pollen, phytolith and charcoal records, and the data of loss of ignition （LOI）, grain size analysis, and susceptibility. Results reveal that between 4550 and 2500 cal. a BP, a dry climatic condition was not favorable for the accumulation of peat. Since 2500 cal. a BP, the climate became humid and the wetland developed with abundant freshwater aquatic plants, which contributed to peat accumulation. Never-theless, alternate periods of rain and dry climate occurred during that period. Between 2500 and 1810 cal. a BP （550 BC-140 AD）, the climate was more humid than at present. A lot of emerged plants, such as Phragmites, Typha and Sparganium, and freshwater green algae grew in the wetland which was sur-rounded by desert-steppe vegetation composed mainly of Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Compositae and Thalictrum. However, from 1810 to 1160 cal. a BP （140--790 AD）, the water level started to decrease and hydrophyte species reduced greatly, but some Phragmites still grew in the wetland and around it was desert vegetation with high proportion of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia. Then from 1160 to 650 a BP （790--1300 AD）, it entered a period of desert-steppe with abundant mesic and xerophytic plants. And a lot of aquatic plants prevailed in the wetland. Here, what is noticeable is that percentages of arboreal pollen, consisting mainly of Betula and Picea, increased greatly and reached a maximal value of 27.2%, in which, Betula percentages rose to 23.2%. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that Betula grew in the highland of the wetland, or Picea timberline shifted downward resulting in the increase of percentages of Betula and Picea pollen, which were transported into the wetland by flood or wind. But since 650 cal. a BP, desert vegetation prevailed around the wetland again with dominant Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, and the climate was similar to modern one. Despite some aquatic plants still growing in the wetland at     

基于SC1128的电力线载波控制系统设计

电力线载波通信是利用现有的电力线路作为介质进行信息传输的一种通信方式。文中设计了一种电力载波终端的控制系统,系统采用SC1128芯片实现了信号的调制,并由计算机作为主控端组成信号发送终端,实现电力线载波传输控制信号。